Paramedic State Test 2023 pt 2 Flashcards
What does the triage color green mean
The patient can walk away from the scene
In the simple triage and rapid transport system what classifies a patient as a red?
No airway, reposition, over 30 RR
No radial pulse
Cannot follow simple commands
In the simple triage and rapid transport system what classifies a patient as a yellow?
Severe injury and cannot move from the scene
In the jump START system what classifies a patient as a red?
RR over 45 or under 15
No breathing but pulse—give 5 breaths, in breathing after mark red
No peripheral pulse
Unconscious, inappropriate speech, posturing
What is triage priority 1?
Red
what is triage priority 2?
Yellow
What is triage priorty 3?
Green
What is black in triage?
Dead on arrival
How do you treat a pediatric or neonate patient with spinal cord trauma with exposed cords?
If small: cover with moist dressing
If large: cover with occlusive dressing
What is the epi IM dosage for a patient under 30 kg?
0.15 mg IM
What is the epi IM dosage for a patient over 30 kg?
0.3-0.5 mg IM
What is magnesium sulfates MOA?
Acts peripherally to produce vasodilation
what is magnesium sulfate used in?
Pre-eclampsia, eclampsia, asthma, torsade’s, torsade’s maintenance, and suspected hypomagnesemia state (e.g. chronic alcoholism, and chronic use of diuretics)
what kind of patients do you have to be careful with using magnesium sulfate in?
Patients with renal compromise
what conteracts magnesium sulfate
calcium chloride
What is the eclampsia dose for magnesium sulfate?
2 g IV/IO infused over 10-20 minutes
What is the torsades dose for magnesium sulfate?
2 g IV/IO
May repeat X1
MAX 4 mg
What are the possible adverse effects associated with magnesium sulfate?
hypotension, depression of reflexes, flaccid paralysis, hypothermia, circulatory collapse, depression of cardiac function, and central nervous system depression
What is a complication of nasogastric intubation?
High risk of bleeding
What are the advantages of nasogastric intubation?
Aspiraton risk is limited, does not require “sniffing position” so better for spinal cord injuries
What are contraindications for nasogastric intubation?
Under age of 12, facial trauma, skull fracture, epiglottitis
Where are the pads placed in cardioversion/defibrillation?
Right side of sternum below clavicle
Lower left chest area with top of pads 2-3 inches below armpit
What is the Parkland Formula?
4 mg x BSA (%) x kg
Take your result and divide by 2 and then take that result and divide by 8
What is the Cincinnati stroke screen
facial droop, arm drift, speech
When should you administer TPA
Administer within 4 hours of onset of symptoms
What should you do to assess burns and lightning strikes?
CPR if needed, O2, cardiac monitor
What is done in active warming?
Warm IV fluids, heat packs to core
What classifies as hypothermia?
86 degrees F
or 35 degrees C
NO PACING
Defib if needed
What causes heat cramps?
Sodium and water loss
What are the symptoms of heat cramps?
Cramping and sweating
What is the treatment for heat cramps?
Move to cool place and oral fluids if not nauseated
What causes heat exhaustion?
Sodium and water loss
What are the symptoms of heat exhaustion?
Tachycardia, sweating, pale, dizzy, hypotension, elevated temperature
What is the treatment for heat exhaustion?
Cool patient and IV with normal saline
What is the cause of heat stroke?
Hypothalamus is unable to control heat
What are the symptoms of heat stroke?
Lowered level of consciousness, skin hot, dry and red, body temp 105 and above, seizure, death
What is the treatment for heat stroke?
Cool rapidly, protect airway, O2, and IV access
When is a NRB mask used?
Spontaneous breathing less than 90%
What is ARDS?
Acute respiratory distress syndrome
What are the risk factors for ARDS?
Sepsis (33% of cases)
Aspiration of gastric contents
Shock
Infection
Trauma
Toxic inhalation
Near drowning
Multiple blood transfusions
What does it mean when a vents alarm goes off?
Vent pressure is low
What is the degree for sub q injections?
45 degrees
What is the degree for IM injections?
90 degrees
What order do we put on PPE for a patient with chronic bronchitis?
Mask yourself and partner first, then the patient
What is pyloric stenosis?
Projectile vomiting
What is heat stroke protocol?
Active cooling measures; target temp under 102.5 degrees
12 lead
IV access
Cardiac monitor
NS bolus 500 mL, IV/IO, repeat to effect SBP >90, MAX 2L
Peds: Bolus 20mL/kg IV/IO, repeat to effect age appropriate SBP greater or equal to 70+2x Age, MAX 60 ml/kg
What is hyperventilating?
The condition of taking abnormally fast, deep breaths
What is hyperventilating ETCO2?
under 35mmhg
What causes hyperventilating?
Hyperventilation syndrome
High BVM rate
What causes hypoventilation?
Narcotic OD
CNS dysfunction
Heavy sedation
