Paramedic State Test 2023 pt 4

Question 1

What are the indications for supplemental oxygen?

Answer 1

Dyspnea (SOB)
Hypoxia
Pulse oximeter below 94%
Altered/decrease LOC
Respiratory/cardiac arrest
Hypoperfusion (shock)

Question 2

How many LPM can a NC use?

Answer 2

up to 6 LPM can be administered

Question 3

How much oxygen does a NC deliver?

Answer 3

Delivers 24%-44% oxygen (about 4% per liter above 21% room air)

Question 4

How many LPM can a non-rebreather use?

Answer 4

12-15 LPM

Question 5

How much oxygen can a NRB mask deliver

Answer 5

90%

Question 6

What are agonal respiration?

Answer 6

Slow, shallow, infrequent breaths

Question 7

What do agonal respirations indicate?

Answer 7

Brain anoxia

Question 8

What are Biot’s respirations?

Answer 8

Irregular pattern of rate and depth and periodic apnea

Question 9

What do Biot’s respirations indicate?

Answer 9

Increased intercranial pressure

Question 10

what are central neurologic hyperventilation?

Answer 10

Deep, rapid respirations

Question 11

What do centeral neurologic hyperventilations indicate?

Answer 11

Increased intracranial pressure

Question 12

what are cheyne-stokes respirations?

Answer 12

Progressively deeper and faster breaths, changing to slower and shallow breaths

Question 13

What do cheyne-stokes respirations indicate?

Answer 13

Brain injury

Question 14

What are kussmal respirations?

Answer 14

Deep, gasping breaths

Question 15

What do kussmal respirations indicate?

Answer 15

Possible DKA

Question 16

What are rales (crackles)?

Answer 16

Fine, bubbling sound on inspiration

Question 17

What do rales (crackles) indicate?

Answer 17

Fluid in lower airways

Question 18

What are rhonchi?

Answer 18

Course sounds on inspiration

Question 19

What does rhonchi indicate?

Answer 19

Inflammation or mucus in lower airways

Question 20

What is wheezing?

Answer 20

High-pitched sound on inspiration or expiration

Question 21

What does wheezing indicate?

Answer 21

Bronchoconstriction

Question 22

What does snoring indicate?

Answer 22

Partial airway obstruction from the tongue

Question 23

What is stridor?

Answer 23

High-pitched sound indicating significant upper airway obstruction

Question 24

What may stridor indicate?

Answer 24

Foreign body, angioedema, anaphylaxis

Question 25

What does gurgling indicate?

Answer 25

Fluid in upper airway

Question 26

What is an indication for CPAP?

Answer 26

Alert and spontaneously breathing patients at least 12 years of age, significant respiratory distress such as sleep apnea, COPD, pulmonary edema, CHF, pneumonia

Question 27

What are contraindications for CPAP?

Answer 27

Apnea, patient unable to follow verbal commands, suspected pneumothorax, onset trauma, tracheostomy, vomiting, GI bleeding, hypotension

Question 28

What is pulse oximetry?

Answer 28

Measures oxygenation

Question 29

What is pulse co oxymetry?

Answer 29

Newer technology available in prehospital that can detect for carboxyhemoglobin and methemoglobin

Question 30

What does capnography do?

Answer 30

Measures carbondioxide and ventilatory status

Question 31

What does capnography reflect?

Answer 31

Changes in ventilatory status almost immediately

Question 32

What is capnometry?

Answer 32

Provides a numeric display of expired CO2

Question 33

What is capnography?

Answer 33

Graphic displays of capnometry

Question 34

What is colormetric ETCO2?

Answer 34

Disposable color changing device placed between the patient and ventilation device

Question 35

What are the normal arterial CO2 (PaCO2) and ETCO2 values?

Answer 35

35-45 mmHg (all ages)

Question 36

What causes high ETCO2?

Answer 36

Possible hypoventilation

Question 37

What causes low ETCO2?

Answer 37

Possible hyperventilation

Question 38

What causes the ETCO2 to drop to 0?

Answer 38

Possible esophageal intubation or displaced tube

Question 39

What can cause a sudden sharp drop in ETCO2?

Answer 39

Possible pulmonary embolism, cardiac arrest, hypotension, hyperventilation