Para 4

Question 1

While both TE systems and emotion-focused and self-regulation strategies can be…

Answer 1

…effective in supporting children with ADHD, they differ significantly in focus and mechanism.

Question 2

TE systems offer a…

Answer 2

…structured and externally controlled method of managing behaviour, providing immediate reinforcement for desirable actions (Coelho et al., 2015.

Question 3

This can be particularly beneficial in…

Answer 3

…establishing classroom routines and reducing disruptions in the short term without requiring much extra training or funding.

Question 4

In contrast, emotion-focused and self-regulation strategies seek to…

Answer 4

…foster internal control and executive functioning skills, which are crucial for long-term academic success and personal development, arguably offering longer-term benefits to the child.

Question 5

Nevertheless, Coelho et al. (2015) reported that…

Answer 5

…TE systems not only encouraged positive behaviour, but also supported the development of self-control.

Question 6

Therefore, an integrated approach may…

Answer 6

…offer the most benefit.

Question 7

For example, a teacher might…

Answer 7

…use a TE system to reinforce the use of self-regulation strategies, thereby combining external reinforcement with internal skill building.

Question 8

Such a multimodal approach reflects…

Answer 8

…recommendations from clinical guidelines, such as those from the American Academy of Paediatrics (2011) and the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (2018), which advocated for the use of multiple, tailored strategies to support children with ADHD.