Papers and posters Flashcards
what are forms of scientific communication?
- journal articles (primary/secondary)
- experiments, observation, models, meta-analyses, reviews
- books
- presentations/posters (conference)
- blogs, new stories (general audience)
what is a primary article?
- provides direct evidence about an event/object, including experimental results
- pulished as journal article
- includes **methods/results **sections
what is a secondary article?
- analyzes/comments on primary source
- published in book, magazine, or in journal as a review article
- usually no methods/results section
what are meta-analyses? what type of article are they?
combine several empirical studies and analyze for overall pattern in the results
secondary article but WILL HAVE methods/results section
- methods on how primary articles were found
articles published worldwide on topic metaanalysis compares all articles
examples of primary vs secondary articles?
primary: experiment, observation, model
secondary: meta-analysis, review
what is an experiment?
manipulates 1 variable in different ways to determine the effect of a treatment on response variable (lab or field)
primary research
what is a full-factoral design?
type of experiment where more than one variable is tested at a time in all combinations of treatments
primary source
test 2 variables at once: test without both, one treatment for only one of each, and one treatment with both
what are observation studies? when are they used?
- choose similar environments
- use natural variation to look at environment’s effect on its subjects
- use when you can’t remove organism from its environment
primary source
what is a model?
simplified version of reality built with mathematical equations
- test understanding of a system, make predictions
ex predict climate change
primary source
what is a review?
- summary of what is known about a topic
- identify lack of research or make new hypotheses
- have very different structure to journal articles
secondary source
what is the scientific method?
observation
question
hypothesis
predication
test
report results
recommend action
if results doesn’t support hypothesis, formulate a new one
what is the peer review process?
- scientist submits to editor
- scientist suggests reviewers
- send paper to reviewers
- accept, reject (major/minor), reject outright
- either give + or - recommendation
- positive or negative decision done by editor
- if negative, improve and resubmit to a different editor
what is the purpose of a reference section?
make it easy for reader to cross reference data
what is a scientific book?
- written with different audiences in mind
- cite ones that are written for scienticific audiences as secondary sources
what is a conference?
- grad students and profs
- presentations - show off work to many people at once
- posters - smaller audience and strong connection
