Paper 3 Attitudes And Actions Flashcards
Superpowers: Contrasting cultural ideologies in the Middle East: Cultural tensions and conflicts?
Including religious and ethnic tensions. Countries in the Middle East have historical tribal or religious divisions, e.g. Shia Iran and Sunni Iraq. These include tensions caused by Islamist uprising, within countries such as Syria and Iraq.
Superpowers: Contrasting cultural ideologies in the Middle East: Environmental tensions and conflicts?
Past conflicts have often resulted in economic damage to oil installations, particularly in Kuwait (following the first Gulf War in 1991) and following the invasion of Allied forces in Iraq in 2003.
Superpowers: Contrasting cultural ideologies in the Middle East: Economic tensions and conflicts?
Despite conflict, the wider Muddle East region has been an essential supplied of oil from key states such a Libya, Saudi Arabia and the UAE. The rise of ISIS in Iraq since the invasion of Allied forces has focused Western interests on defending the country’s oil reserves. Turkey, a long standing critic of Israeli policies, nonetheless sells it much-needed water resources.
Superpowers: Contrasting cultural ideologies in the Middle East: Political tensions and conflicts?
The state of Israel is contentious for many Arab states, who wish to see a separate state of Palestine alongside the state of Israel. The creation of a Jewish homeland state (Israel) in 1948 politically unified the Muslim Middle East in opposition to it. As a major supporter of Israel the USA struggles to maintain a positive influence in the Arab world. In the wider Middle East region, Afghanistan has been unstable since the Soviet invasion of 1979, and has been viewed suspiciously by the USA and its allies for hiding Islamist militant groups responsible for attacks such as 9/11.
Superpowers: Attitudes in relation to resources: What can tensions arise over?
Physical resources, including water, land and minerals, where ownership is disputed and/or disagreement exists over their exploration. For instance, in parts of the UK, owning land does not necessarily mean owning mineral wealth that lies beneath it. In Cornwall, for example, the Prince of Wales owns all mineral wealth.
Superpowers: Attitudes in relation to resources: What happens are demand for resources increases?
Resource disputes are likely to become more frequent. Most are resolved peacefully, by compromise or in the courts. A few become violent, such as where governments are weak or corrupt, or where historical tensions exist. For example, Iraq’s oil wealth is hotly disputed between Sunni, Shia and Kurdish regions.
