PAPER 2 - The Changing Economic World Flashcards
What is Gross National Income (GNI)?
Total value of goods and services provided by a country plus money earned from and paid to other countries
the total amount of money that a country’s population earns in a yea
What are the factors of development?
Economic - money & jobs
Social - education, healthcare, infrastructure, accessibility to water
Political - stable government, civil war
Environmental - natural hazards & climate
What is the development gap?
The difference in standards of living between the world’s richest and poorest countries.
What is the Human Development Index (HDI)?
A measure of a country’s development, that gives a number between zero (low development) and one (high development).
What are the factors of the Human Development Index (HDI)?
Gross national income (GNI)
Birth rate
Death rate
Infant mortality rate
Life expectancy
People per doctor
Literacy rate
% of people with access to clean water
What is the Demographic Transition Model (DTM)?
An example of how populations change over time.
What are population pyramids/structures?
Graphs which show the percentage or number of males and females in each age group.
Why can HDI be a more useful measure than GNI?
HDI is a social and economic measure
GNI does not evaluate the quality of life
What are the physical causes of uneven development?
Natural disasters
Environment (climate)
Landlocked countries - trade restrictions
What are the historical causes of uneven development?
Colonialism
War & conflict
What are the economical causes of uneven development?
Uneven distribution of world trade - LICs and HICs don’t benefit equally
Explain how disparities in healthcare around the world is a consequence of uneven development
Malaria is mainly present in central Africa
Huge portions of Asia and South America have low presence of malaria
The majority of North America, Europe and Oceania have no presence of malaria
LICs have poor healthcare (on average 4 in 10 deaths are among children under 15)
HICs have better healthcare (7 in 10 deaths are among people aged 70 and over)
How does uneven development lead to international migration?
Migration = the movement of people from one place to another
Economic migrant
Refugee
Opportunity
What is the difference between immigrants and emigrants?
Immigrant = a person who moves into a country
Emigrant = a person who moves out of a country
What are the advantages of economic migrants to the uk?
