paper 2 - stages of learning

Question 1

what are the 3 stages of learning?

Answer 1

• cognitive
• associative
• autonomous

Question 2

what are the key factors of the cognitive stage?

Answer 2

• beginner athletes
• higher concentration
• extrinsic feedback
• mental skills to remember/observational
• being taught the skill
• understanding the basics of the skill

Question 3

how does performance typically appear in the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 3

• inconsistent
• frequent mistakes
• awkward
• uncoordinated
• learner is trying to grasp fundamentals of the skill

Question 4

what type of feedback is most important during the cognitive stage?

Answer 4

• extrinsic feedback (coach or teacher)
• help errors and guide the learner

Question 5

what are the key factors of the associative stage?

Answer 5

• the learner focuses on refining the skill
• reducing the number of errors
• increasing consistency + fluency in movements
• building muscle memory
• longest stage - some people never move on

Question 6

how does performance improve in the associative stage?

Answer 6

• movements become more fluid and coordinated, with fewer errors
• learner starts to recognise and self-correct mistakes through kinaesthetic feedback

Question 7

what role does feedback play in the associative stage?

Answer 7

• both intrinsic and extrinsic feedback are important
• learner starts to rely more on themselves (kinaesthetic)

Question 8

what are the key factors of the autonomous stage?

Answer 8

• skill becomes automatic
• performed with little conscious effort, and the learner can focus on other aspects on their performance
• more advanced athletes
• may revisit cognitive stage to fine tune the skill
• becomes a habitual role

Question 9

how is performance typically described in the autonomous stage?

Answer 9

• performance is highly consistent, fluid and accurate, with minimal errors
• learner can perform the skill under pressure
• adapt to changes

Question 10

what type of feedback is most important in the autonomous stage?

Answer 10

• intrinsic feedback
• performer can self-monitor and adjust their performance with little external guidance
• extrinsic does help occasionally with fine-tuning

Question 11

how does attention change in the autonomous stage?

Answer 11

• performer can execute the skill with little conscious thought
• allows them to focus attention on higher level tasks, like tactics, decision-making, or environmental factors