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Geography > paper 2 : section B : changing economic world > Flashcards

paper 2 : section B : changing economic world Flashcards

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1
Q

what is the GPD ?

A

GDP stands for Gross Domestic Product

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2
Q

what is HDI?

A

HDI, stands for human development index and it is the measure of a countries development based on life expectancy, education and GNI (total amount of wealth in the country shared between all citizens)

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3
Q

what is the demographic transition model?

A

the demographic transition model is the sequence of stages in population growth

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4
Q

what is happening in stage one of the DTM

A

in stage one of the DTM : -population is fluctuating but not growing

  • high birth rate as no contraception and people need lots of children to provide for the family
  • high death rate due to famine, disease and lack of medical care
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5
Q

examples of countries/places that are in stage one of the DTM

A

countries/ places which are in stage one of the DTM are rainforest tribes

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6
Q

what is happening in stage two of the DTM

A

in stage two of the DTM :

  • population is rapidly increasing
  • high birth rate as there is still no contraception and people need lots of children to support the family
  • death is lower that birth rate due to improvements in health care eg vaccinations
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7
Q

examples of countries/places that are in stage two of the DTM

A

countries/places which are in stage two of the DTM are Ethiopia and Somalia

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8
Q

what is happening in stage 3 of the DTM

A

in stage 3 of the DTM :

  • the population is still growing but at a slower rate
  • there is a low birth rate as people are choosing to have smaller families
  • decreasing death rate as advancements are made in health care
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9
Q

name some examples of countries currently in stage 3 of the DTM

A

examples of some countries in stage 3 of the DTM are india and brazil

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10
Q

what is happening in stage 4 of the DTM

A

in stage 4 of the DTM there is :

  • a low birth rate due to women choosing to stay in school longer as education is better
  • a low death rates due to advanced medical care that can fight illness
  • population growth is stable due to low death and birth rates
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11
Q

name some examples of countries in stage 4 of the DTM

A

countries which are considered to be in stage 4 of the DTM are U.K. and USA

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12
Q

what is happening in stage 5 of the DTM

A

in stage 5 of the DTM there is :

  • a decease in the total population
  • a birth rate lower than the death rate as women chose to have children at later ages
  • a death rate slightly higher than the birth rate as there is a large older population and increased obesity related deaths
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13
Q

name some examples of countries which are in stage 5 of the DTM

A

countries which are considered to be in stage 5 of the DTM are italy and germany

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14
Q

what is natural decrease

A

natural decrease is where the death rate is higher than the birth rate in a country meaning that the total population decreases

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15
Q

what is happening in stage 3 of the DTM

A

in stage 3 of the DTM :

  • the population is still growing but at a slower rate
  • there is a low birth rate as people are choosing to have smaller families
  • decreasing death rate as advancements are made in health care
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16
Q

name some examples of countries currently in stage 3 of the DTM

A

examples of some countries in stage 3 of the DTM are india and brazil

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17
Q

what is happening in stage 4 of the DTM

A

in stage 4 of the DTM there is :

  • a low birth rate due to women choosing to stay in school longer as education is better
  • a low death rates due to advanced medical care that can fight illness
  • population growth is stable due to low death and birth rates
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18
Q

name some examples of countries in stage 4 of the DTM

A

countries which are considered to be in stage 4 of the DTM are U.K. and USA

19
Q

what is happening in stage 5 of the DTM

A

in stage 5 of the DTM there is :

  • a decease in the total population
  • a birth rate lower than the death rate as women chose to have children at later ages
  • a death rate slightly higher than the birth rate as there is a large older population and increased obesity related deaths
20
Q

name some examples of countries which are in stage 5 of the DTM

A

countries which are considered to be in stage 5 of the DTM are italy and germany

21
Q

what is natural decrease

A

natural decrease is where the death rate is higher than the birth rate in a country meaning that the total population decreases

22
Q

what is an immigrat?

A

an immigrant is a person who moves into a new country

23
Q

What is an emigrant?

A

an emigrant is someone who moves out of their own country in order to settle permanently somewhere else

24
Q

what is the development gap

A

the development gap is the difference in advancements and standard of living between HIC’s and LIC’s

25
Q

how can the development gap be reduced

A

the development gap can be reduced by :

  • debt relief
  • aid
  • micro finance loans
  • intermediate technology
  • fair trade
  • tourism
  • investment
  • industrial development
26
Q

what is debt relief

A

debt relief is where some or all of a country’s debt is cancelled

27
Q

what is fair trade

A

fair trade is trade between buyers in HIC’s and producers in developing countries in which fair prices are paid to the producers.

28
Q

what is aid

A

aid is the transfer of resources from a HIC to a LIC eg money, food, skilled people and loans

29
Q

what is intermediate technology

A

intermediate technology is technology that is easy to maintain and is cheap.

30
Q

what are the three types of aid

A

the three types of aid are :

  • multilateral
  • bilateral
  • charitable/voluntary
31
Q

what is bilateral aid

A

bilateral aid is aid which is sent directly from HIC’s to LIC’s

32
Q

what is multilateral aid

A

multilateral aid is aid which is given to LIC’s through the world bank, from HIC’s

33
Q

what is charitable/voluntary aid

A

charitable/voluntary aid is aid from HIC’s, which is given to LIC’s through the non government organisations (NGO’s)

34
Q

what physical factors have caused different levels of development in the world

A

physical factors which have caused differing levels of development in the world are :

  • climate
  • natural hazards
  • location
35
Q

what historical factors have caused differing levels of development in the world

A

historical factors which have caused differing levels of development in the world are :

  • the slave trade
  • wars
36
Q

how has climate caused differing levels of development in the world

A

climate has caused differing levels of development in the world as in some areas there is extreme temperatures which means that water supply is scarce, land is infertile and disease spreads quickly, preventing a country from making advancements

37
Q

how does a country’s location affect its development

A

a country’s location can affect their development as if they are landlocked for example they can’t undergo in trade across seas

38
Q

how have natural hazards caused differing levels of development in the world

A

natural hazards have caused differing levels of development in the world as if a country experiences frequent natural hazards, they will spend all of their money rebuilding instead of investing and developing

39
Q

how has the slave trade caused differing levels of development in the world

A

the slave trade has caused differing levels of development in the world as during the slave trade workers and resources were taken from african nations leaving them without the necessary requirements needed for development

40
Q

what are tariffs and quotas

A

tariffs are taxes on imported goods
and
quotas are limits on the quantity of goods that can be imported

41
Q

what are micro finance loans

A

micro-finance loans are small loans given to local businesses for small scale projects

42
Q

what must a country have in order to be classed as ‘developed’

A

in order to be classed as a developed country, majority of the population must have access to adequate healthcare, water and education

43
Q

what is the multiplier affect

A

the multiplier effect is:

  • the cycle of factories creating jobs and money which is then invested by the government into the country’s schools and healthcare
  • this causes the population to be better educated and healthier which attracts new investments from other countries and allows the country to develop
44
Q

what does TNC stand for

A

TNC stands for transnational corporation

Geography (9 decks)

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