Paper 2-Rock types and areas of the UK

Question 1

What are geologists?

Answer 1

People who study rocks.

Question 2

What is carbon dating?

Answer 2

Using radioactive testing to find the age of rocks which contained living material.

Question 3

What is erosion?

Answer 3

Means wearing away the landscape.

Question 4

What is metamorphic rock?

Answer 4

Sedimentary rocks that were heated and compressed during igneous activity. This hardens them and makes them resistant.

Question 5

What is igneous rock?

Answer 5

Earths oldest rock caused when lavas and magmas that cooled down and crystallised.

Question 6

What is sedimentary rock?

Answer 6

Small particles settle to the bottom of sea or land, layers form (strata) which get compressed to a rock. This is why there is fossils in sedimentary rock.

Question 7

What is the difference between extrusive and intrusive rock?

Answer 7

Extrusive has reached the surface.

Question 8

What was Malham cove made of?

Answer 8

Limestone.

Question 9

Explain the geology of Malham cove.

Answer 9

Same as ones in Great Barrier Reef from period called Carboniferous.

Question 10

How did tectonic processes affect the Pennines?

Answer 10

Plate shifted away from tropic and convection currents uplifted rocks causing land. Some rocks snapped during uplift along faults and caused fault scraps where some parts were raised more than others.

Question 11

How did glaciation affect the Pennines?

Answer 11

As it was uplifted, rivers eroded into them causing v-shaped valleys which froze over making deeper and wider u-shaped valleys. When they melted, glaciers left features like Malham cove with a waterfall.

Question 12

Why is the geology of Britain valuable?

Answer 12

Cornwall has large amounts of tin and copper which makes it wealthy. Also huge strata of coal to make Britain industrial.

Question 13

What are some examples of igneous rock?

Answer 13

Granite and basalt.

Question 14

What are some examples of sedimentary rock?

Answer 14

Chalk, clay, sandstone, millstone grit and carboniferous limestone.

Question 15

What are some examples of metamorphic rock?

Answer 15

Slate, schist and marble.

Question 16

What is the lake district?

Answer 16

Upland landscape that was glaciated creating u-shapes valleys. The rivers there now are small and called misfits where they deposit alluvium (silt and mud) making them fertile.

Question 17

What is weathering?

Answer 17

Physical, chemical or biological breakdown of solid rock by the action of weather or plants.

Question 18

What is scree?

Answer 18

Angular rock fragments caused by freeze-thaw weathering.

Question 19

What affected valley sides in the lake district?

Answer 19

Rapid slope processes.

Question 20

What did the scree in the Lake district cause?

Answer 20

Rockfalls as scree is unstable and can be moved easily. This made it dangerous for hikers.

Question 21

What did the lake district being wet cause?

Answer 21

Landslides.

Question 22

What is the Weald?

Answer 22

A lowland landscape once a dome of folded rocks that formed an arch called an anticline.

Question 23

How did the geology affect the Weald?

Answer 23

Strata of less and more resistant rock to form scarp and vale topography and resistant rocks formed escarpments. Behind these gentle slopes form called dip slopes whereas softer clays are lower and form the vales.

Question 24

How did weathering affect the Weald?

Answer 24

South is warmer so tree and shrub roots break up rock.

Question 25

How did post-glacial river and slope processes affect the Weald?

Answer 25

Clay is impermeable so rivers common in vales. Water seeped through chalk causing dry valleys and slope processes are slower in the Weald than lake district. Soil creep is most common.

Question 26

Where is the Yorkshire Dales?

Answer 26

North England Pennines.

Question 27

Where is East Anglia?

Answer 27

Norwich.

Question 28

Where is the lake district?

Answer 28

In Cumbria.

Question 29

Where is the Weald?

Answer 29

Kent.

Question 30

What caused the geology of the Lake district?

Answer 30

As skeletons fell they crushed those beneath squeezing out the water and forming rock. Calcium carbonate which occurs in the sea water crystallised which cemented it together and sometimes preserved fossils.

Question 31

What is the geology and relief of the Yorkshire Dales like?

Answer 31

It is limestone and very hilly/high.

Question 32

What is the geology and relief of East Anglia like?

Answer 32

Sands and clays and very flat/low lying. Also clays known as till that were deposited in the last ice age.

Question 33

What are the settlements and building materials like in the Yorkshire Dales?

Answer 33

Disperse settlements made out of limestone/dry stone.

Question 34

What are the settlements and building materials of East Anglia like?

Answer 34

Communal villages and nodules of flint. This is chalk with bits of flint in it to make it less crumbly.

Question 35

What are the field boundaries and farming like in the Yorkshire Dales?

Answer 35

Dry stone walls and sheep farming.

Question 36

What are the field boundaries and farming like in East Anglia?

Answer 36

Hedges and ditches with crop farming.