Paper 2 - Health & Diet Questions Flashcards
What is a marathon runner’s primary macronutrient need?
Carbohydrates
Carbohydrates are essential for energy during prolonged endurance activities.
What percentage of carbohydrates, protein and fat should a person have in their diet?
Carbohydrates 55%, Proteins 15%, Fats 30%
These are the primary macronutrient categories in a balanced diet.
What is the role of fibre in the diet?
Adds bulk to food, aids digestion
Found in vegetables, cereals, beans, and wholemeal bread.
What are micronutrients?
Vitamins and minerals that maintain efficient body function
They are essential for good health.
What is the function of vitamins?
Essential for energy production and disease prevention
Vitamins play a critical role in maintaining health.
Name a key mineral and its importance.
Calcium - strengthens bones and teeth
Iron - crucial for red blood cell production.
Potassium - Aids muscle contraction and maintains normal blood pressure
What is the importance of potassium?
Aids muscle contraction and maintains normal blood pressure
It is essential for overall muscle function.
List key vitamins and their functions.
- Vitamin A - good vision
- Vitamin B - energy production
- Vitamin C - fights viruses and heals wounds
- Vitamin D - bone strength
Vitamins are found in fruits and vegetables.
Define a balanced diet.
A diet that contains the correct proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre, and water necessary to maintain good health
Balance in diet is crucial for athletes.
What is the primary energy source for low-intensity exercise?
Fats - they release energy slowly and provide insulation.
What are the two types of carbohydrates?
- Simple - provides energy quickly (sugars)
- Complex - provides energy over a longer time (starches)
Simple carbohydrates are found in sugars; complex carbohydrates are found in breads/pasta, rice.
What is the role of protein?
Important for growth, repair of muscles, and production of haemoglobin/enzymes/hormones
Proteins can also serve as a secondary energy source.
What is energy balance?
Energy intake = energy expenditure
This leads to maintaining weight as the calories taken in are the same as the number of calories being used.
What are the effects of dehydration?
- Irregular heart rate
- Increased blood viscosity
- Slowed reactions
- Increased body temperature
- Muscle fatigue/cramping
These effects can severely impact athletic performance.
Why is water intake important for a performer?
Main component of blood
Carries nutrients & oxygen
Helps remove waste products
Regulates body temperature
Replaces water lost from sweat.
What happens to the body if dehydrated?
Increased blood viscosity, slows blood flow, leads to fatigue, resulting in decreased performance.
Define health
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being, with an absence of disease.
Health encompasses more than just the absence of illness; it includes overall wellness.
What is fitness?
The capacity to meet the demands of the environment and carry out life’s activities without getting too tired.
Fitness can vary based on individual capabilities and lifestyle.
Define well-being
A feeling or mental state of being comfortable, happy, and healthy in all aspects of life.
Well-being includes emotional, psychological, and social dimensions.
List reasons why people take part in sport
- Teamwork
- Sense of Belonging
- Make New Friends
- Healthier lifestyle
- Lose Weight
- Improve Fitness
- Relieve Stress
- Increase Confidence
- Learn New Skills
Participation in sports can enhance various aspects of life, including social and physical health.
What is a sedentary lifestyle?
A lifestyle involving very little to no exercise, often characterized by too much sitting or inactivity.
Sedentary behaviors include watching TV, playing video games, and prolonged sitting.
What is Type 2 diabetes?
A condition that causes too much sugar in your blood, leading to serious health problems if untreated.
Lifestyle choices, including diet and exercise, play a crucial role in managing diabetes.
How does physical activity affect bone density?
Weight-bearing exercise increases bone mass, while a sedentary lifestyle leads to lower bone mass.
Strong bones are essential for overall mobility and health.
List physical effects of a healthy lifestyle
- Strengthens muscles, bones, and joints
- Improves cardiovascular system and circulation
- Increases bone mass
- Burns more calories
- Lowers blood glucose levels
Regular exercise has numerous physical benefits.
