Paper 2 Definitions

Question 1

Commercialisation

Answer 1

Links business and commerce into sport with a primary focus of profit which can lead to exploitation.

Question 2

Golden triangle

Answer 2

The links and relationship between sponsorship, sporting events and the media.

Question 3

Media

Answer 3

Different forms of communication that can inform, educate and entertain people including social, internet, TV and newspapers.

Question 4

Sponsorship

Answer 4

The giving of money or goods to performers in order to get good publicity and/or increase profit.

Question 5

Beta Blockers

Answer 5

A drug used to control heart rhythm and lower blood pressure.

Question 6

Deviance

Answer 6

Behaviour that is either immoral or seriously breaks the rules and norms of the sport.

Question 7

Discrimination

Answer 7

The unfair treatment of individuals whereby opportunities are not available to all of the different social groups.

Question 8

Ethnicity

Answer 8

A state of belonging to a specific social group with common cultural or national traditions or beliefs.

Question 9

Gamesmanship

Answer 9

Where the laws of the game are interpreted in ways, which whilst not illegal, are not in the spirit of the game. Pushing the limits to gain unfair advantage.

Question 10

Role models

Answer 10

Someone to be looked up to, (good role model) an example to follow.

Question 11

Sportsmanship

Answer 11

Ethical, appropriate, polite and fair behaviour while participating in a game or athletic event; fair play.

Question 12

Steroids

Answer 12

Anabolic steroids are synthetic hormones that enhance physical performance.

Question 13

Stimulants

Answer 13

Drugs used to raise physiological arousal in the body

Question 14

Violence

Answer 14

Physical acts committed in sport that go beyond the accepted rules of play or the expected levels of contact within a contact sport.

Question 15

Balanced diet

Answer 15

A diet that contains the correct proportions of carbohydrates, fats, proteins, vitamins, minerals, fibre and water necessary to maintain good health.

Question 16

Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

Answer 16

Where the blood vessels are narrowed and blood flow and oxygen to the heart is reduced.

Question 17

Energy balance

Answer 17

Energy input = energy expenditure. This equation must balance for your body weight to remain constant.

Question 18

Exercise

Answer 18

Activity that requires physical effort. Usually carried out to sustain or bring about improvements to health or fitness.

Question 19

Fitness

Answer 19

Your ability to meet the physical demands placed on you by the environment.

Question 20

Health

Answer 20

The state of emotional, physical and social well-being.

Question 21

Hydration

Answer 21

Having the appropriate level of water in the body for it to function optimally. When this level of water falls below optimal levels it is referred to as dehydration.

Question 22

Obesity

Answer 22

The state of being very overweight, with a lot of excess body fat, usually classified using the BMI calculation of 30 or above.

Question 23

Physical activity

Answer 23

Movement of the body by the skeletal muscles that requires energy expenditure.

Question 24

Type 2 diabetes

Answer 24

A metabolic disorder that affects how your body handles glucose. Often associated with obesity and can be controlled through changes to your diet.

Question 25

Closed skill

Answer 25

Skills that are performed in a predictable environment. E.g. a Player taking a line out in Rugby.

Question 26

Complex skill

Answer 26

A skill which requires a lot of focus and decision making to perform.

Question 27

Confidence

Answer 27

The degree to which a performer believes they have the ability to perform and complete tasks with success.

Question 28

Environmental Continuum

Answer 28

A method of categorising skills along a continuum. Open skills affected by the sporting environment; the performer has to make decisions in response to their surroundings. Closed skills involves less decision making because it has a predictable environment; the performer can take their time to execute the skill.

Question 29

Feedback

Answer 29

Information that is given to a performer either during or after their performance with the aim of improving future performances.

Question 30

Guidance

Answer 30

Given to aid the learning of a skill. Visual: use of demonstrations that allow the performer to ‘see’ the skill Verbal: the coach will explain the technique Manual: the coach will physically manipulate the athlete through the skill Mechanical: use of apparatus or aids that assist the performer.

Question 31

Mental preparation

Answer 31

The rehearsal of a physical skill that takes place within the mind of the performer without any actual physical movement.

Question 32

Open skill

Answer 32

These are affected by the environment and are predominantly perceptual as they must be adapted to suit the environment. These skills are usually externally paced. E.g. a pass within a game situation in football.

Question 33

Self-esteem

Answer 33

The degree worth and competence that we attribute to ourselves.

Question 34

Simple skill

Answer 34

Consists of basic movement actions that are not difficult to perform with few decisions to make. E.g. A chest pass, a straight up and down jump.

Question 35

Skilful movement

Answer 35

A fluent and coordinated movement which is efficient, technically accurate and aesthetically pleasing.

Question 36

Skills continua

Answer 36

A method of categorising skills along a continuum that acknowledged that whilst they are all different they can all be classified according to their level of difficulty.

Question 37

Gender

Answer 37

The state of being male or female.