Paper 2: Gender inequality Flashcards
What is the Glass Elevator Effect?
Men are promoted faster up the career ladder than women in female-dominated careers such as teaching and nursing because of gender stereotypes held by employers
Explain horizontal segregation explained by Weber
The workforce of a particular sector is made up of a particular sex. For example, engineering for men and childcare for women
Explain Vertical Segregation explained by Weber
A division in the labour market where dominant social groups such as white men are concentrated in the jobs that have more power, higher status and better pay
Explain the concept of glass ceiling
women and minority groups experience an unacknowledged discriminatory barrier that prevents them from moving up the promotion ladder in employment to reach higher positions
Explain the concept of concrete ceiling
the barriers to promotion are much tougher to break through than proposed by glass ceiling and that promotion to middle management is restricted
Explain the human capital theory
wage and role differences between employees can be explained by level of skills, knowledge and personal attributes that each employee possess rather than social inequality
What are the three dimensions of stratification identified by Weber?
1) CLASS : groups who share similar market situation and receive similar economic rewards
2) STATUS : the social standing of a particular group and how society ranks them in relation to importance, respect and prestige
3) PARTY : groups who are concerned with exercising power of influencing decision making for example, pressure groups
How can we Evaluate Weber?
Postmodernist argue that there is no longer a consensus about what constitutes high and low status as norms and values are no longer fixed
Explain Social Inequality and Gender in relation to poverty
There is arguably a feminisation of poverty because women generally do not earn as much as men or they’re either full time careers of children and the elderly.
Elderly women are more likely to be in poverty that elderly men as they are less likely to have occupational pension as a result of being careers for substantial periods of their lives.
Explain Social Inequality and Gender in relation to education
There’s a hidden curriculum as subject choices are still gender stereotyped. This leads to the reinforcement of vertical segregation in the workplace because choice of degree subjects is likely to influence career and then opportunities for social mobility
Explain Social Inequality and Gender in relation to work
Gender pay gap between men and women stands at 19% which is arguably caused by the motherhood penalty meaning that women are disproportionately employed and experience discrimination by employers
