Paper 2

Question 1

Describe Genetic Engineering

Answer 1

1. Cut desired gene out from DNA
2. Use same enzymes to cut plasmid open
   3.Transfer gene to plasmid & join sticky ends
   4.Place recombinant DNA inside bacterial cells
   5.Allow bacterial cells to X and make clones
   6.Extract insulin from the cells

Question 2

What are the three domain species

Answer 2

Eukaryota-4 Kingdoms:animal, plant, fungi and protists
Archae-Prokaryotes:Primitive prokaryotes found in hot springs
Bacteria-Modernised prokaryote

Question 3

What are the 3 features of an organism

Answer 3

Structural- White fur=camouflage, blubber=better insulation
Behavioural-Penguins huddle
Functional-Bears hibernate→metaboliic rate decreases, camels have efficient kidneys- reabsorbs water

Question 4

Give differences between selective breeding and natural selection

Answer 4

Natural selection-nature decides advantageous characteristics & from selective breeding humans decide
Selective breeding used to increase yield and profits

Question 5

Name selective breeding method for plants

Answer 5

1.Select plants work desirable characteristics
2. Breed plants together
3. Select offspring with largest fruit and breed
4. Repeat for several generations
5 Overtime whole population should have large fruits

Question 6

Drawbacks of selective breeding

Answer 6

Reduced gene pool
Reduced gene pool means population can easily be wiped out
Inbreeding can lead to genetic defects

Question 7

What does deforestation least to in tropical areas

Answer 7

Provides land for rice fields to produce more food
Cross grow from which biofuels can be reproduced

Question 8

How do you maintain biodiversity

Answer 8

Breeding programmes set out for endangered species
Protect rate habitats
Encourage farmers to keep margins
Reduce deforestation and CO2 emission
Recycle

Question 9

What happens in synapses

Answer 9

1.Impulse arrives to end of first neurone
2.Neurotransmitters are released
3.Diffuse across and bind to receptors on next neurone
4.New impulse generated in next neurone

Question 10

What does IVF treatment involve

Answer 10

Giving a woman FSH & LH to stimulate growth of many eggs
Connect the eggs
Fertilise them with sperm from father
Now insert one or two of the embryos into the womb

Question 11

Drawbacks of IVF

Answer 11

Emotionally and physically stressful
Success rates are low
Can lead to multiple births