PAPER 1 - skeletal system

Question 1

main functions of the skeletal system

Answer 1

1. To give Posture and Support to the body
2. To allow Movement of the body
3. To give Protection to the internal organs
4. To produce Blood (White and Red) Cells
5. To Store Minerals

Question 2

what is a tendon?

Answer 2

connects MUSCLES to BONES

Question 3

what is a ligament?

Answer 3

attach BONE to BONE

Question 4

what is a joint?

Answer 4

a place where two or more BONES meet

Question 5

what are the different types of joints?

Answer 5

• fixed
• slightly movable
• freely moveable or synovial

Question 6

what is a synovial joint?

Answer 6

A freely movable joint in which bones are covered by cartilage, and connected by a fibrous connective tissue capsule lined with synovial fluid.

Question 7

characteristics of hinge joints

Answer 7

• only allow flexion (bending) and extension (straightening) movement
• knee and elbow
• extremely powerful

Question 8

characteristics of a ball and socket joint

Answer 8

• hip and shoulder
• movement in all directions
• flexion and extension
• abduction (moving away) and adduction (moving towards)
• rotation and circumduction

Question 9

what are the five sections of the vertebral column?

Answer 9

1. cervical vertebrae (7)
2. thoracic vertebrae (12)
3. lumbar vertebrae (5)
4. sacrum (5 fused)
5. coccyx (4 fused)

33 bones total

Question 10

characteristics of a long bone

Answer 10

• e.g femur
• main function is to act as a lever

Question 11

characteristics of a short bone

Answer 11

• e.g carpals
• small and compact
• designed for weight bearing and strength

Question 12

characteristics of a flat bone

Answer 12

• e.g ribs

Question 13

characteristics of irregular bones

Answer 13

• e.g vertebrae
• complex shapes
• variety of functions (protection, muscle attachment)