Paper 1 - Section A Flashcards
What is a natural hazard?
Natural event that threatens people or has potential to cause damage, destruction and death
How does the magnitude use of a hazard affect the risk to people?
Stronger magnitude = more risk
Can damage people’s homes and cause death
What is the difference between a primary and secondary effect?
Primary - deaths, destruction of buildings
Secondary - homelessness, cholera and landslides
Give one immediate and one long term response to a natural hazard?
Immediate - aid
Long term - building homes (build back better)
Describe the structure of the earth
Inner core
Outer core
Mantle
Crust
What is a plate margin?
Where two bits of crust meet
How does the crust move?
- Outer core heats up mantle
- Mantle rises
- Cools, spreads, sinks
- Repeats
What happens at a destructive plate margin?
- Plates move towards each other
- Oceanic crust sinks
- Crust melts
- New magma comes out of the volcano
What happens at a constructive plate margin?
- Pull apart
- Magma fills gaps
- It erupts
- Cools and makes new crust
What happens at a conservative plate margin?
- Slide past each other
- Get suck
- Pressure builds up
- When unstuck you get an earthquake
At which type of plate margin can earthquakes occur at?
Destructive margin
Constructive margin
Conservative margin
Give an example of an earthquake in a HIC?
Chile
Describe two effects and two responses to this earthquake?
Primary - 500 deaths
Secondary - landslides blocked roads
Immediate - repair highway in 24 hours
Long term - rebuild in a few months
Give an example of an earthquake in a LIC?
Nepal
Describe two effects and two responses to this earthquake?
Primary - over 8000 deaths
Secondary - avalanche blocked roads
Immediate - tent city (got put in tents
Long term - new regulations (build back earthquake proof)
Why do people live in areas prone to tectonic hazards?
Earthquake proof buildings
Poor
Fertile soil
Tourists visit (blue lagoon)
How can tectonic hazards be managed?
Earthquake proof buildings (rubber on the bottom to absorb, weights on the top so they can sway)
Earthquake drills
