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A+P and Exercise physiology > PAPER 1 - Preparation and Training Methods > Flashcards

PAPER 1 - Preparation and Training Methods Flashcards

1
Q

Define the princples of training

A

the rules that underping training programes designed to ensure safe and effective fitness adaption

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2
Q

What should a training programme also include?

A
  • Test (use an appropriate evaluation test)
  • Warm up
  • Cool down
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3
Q

what is the acronym used for a making training plan

A

MR SPOV

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4
Q

the M in MRSPOV is….
this means…

A

moderation
correct balance of training to prevent overuse whilst ensuring progression

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5
Q

the R is MRSPOV stands for…
which means…

A

reversibility
training must be maintained to prevent deterioration in performance, through injury or off season losses are rapid in aerobic capacity

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6
Q

the S in MRSPOV stands for…
means….

A

specificity
training should be relevant to the athlete and what they want to achieve
- sport
- to them
- energy system
- muscle fibre type
- movement pattern

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7
Q

the P in MRSPOV stands for…
this means…

A

progression
should plan for a gradual increase in training demads over time to ensure improvements

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8
Q

the O in MRSPOV stands for…
and means…
what accronymn reminds you of the components that can be manipulated?

A

overload
planned increase of training intensity (above the performers comfort zone to place stress on the body to force adapation)
4 components can be manipulated (FITT)
- frequency
- intensity
- time
- type (method of training used)

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9
Q

the V in MRSPOV stands for…
this means…

A

variance
programmes should be varied to maintain interest
- prevent boredom
- maintain motivation
- limit overuse injuries

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10
Q

What is PERIODISATION ?

A

the ORGANISED DIVISION of training into blocks, each with a GOAL and TIME-FRAME

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11
Q

periodisation ensures training is structured to give…

A

realistic goals and achieve them

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12
Q

periodisation ensures a performer reaches…

A

their physiological peak at the right time

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13
Q

periodisation ensures a performer avoids…

A

injury

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14
Q

Define adaption

A

The physiological change in response to training for example increase red blood cell production

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15
Q

the three types of cycles are…

A

mesocycles
macrocycles
microcycles

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16
Q

each cycle has a specific…

A

goal and time frame
- yearly basis for most national competitions
- euros every 2 years
- olympics every 4 years

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17
Q

What is a MACRO-CYCLE ?

A

a LONG-TERM training plan, typically over ONE YEAR, to achieve a long-term goal such as PB as national championship. Broken down into serveral meso cycles

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18
Q

What is a MESO-CYCLE ?

A

a MID-TERM training plan, typically SIX WEEKS, can range from 4 - 16 weeks, to achieve a mid-term goal. Is formed of several micro cycles

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19
Q

What is a MICRO-CYCLE ?

A

a SHORT-TERM training plan, typically ONE WEEK, to achieve a short-term goal

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20
Q

What are the 3 main phases of periodised year?

A
  1. Preparation phase
  2. Competitive phase
  3. tranisition phase
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21
Q

What happens in PREPARATORY PHASE 1 ?

A
  • off-season
  • aerobic training
  • S & C
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22
Q

What happens in the PREPARATORY PHASE 2 ?

A
  • pre-season
  • progressive overload
  • sport-specific fitness
  • training volume reduced (just before the compeition)
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23
Q

What happens in the COMPETITIVE PHASE 3 ?

A
  • training load reduces
  • lower intensity to remain injury free
  • focus tactics, strategies and game-play
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24
Q

What happens in the COMPETITIVE PHASE 4 ?

A
  • tapering (2 - 3 weeks before)
  • training intensity remains
  • training load gradually reduced

-

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25
Q

What is TAPERING ?

A

MAINTAINING the INTENSITY but DECREASING the VOLUME of training by ONE THIRD to prepare for competition

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26
Q

What happens in the TRANSITION PHASE ?

A
  • active rest and re-couperation
  • treatment for injury
  • low-intensity aerobic work
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27
Q

What is AEROBIC CAPACITY ?

A

the ability of the body to INSPIRE, TRANSPORT and UTILISE oxygen to perform SUSTAINED periods of aerobic activity

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28
Q

What is VO2 MAX ?

A

MAXIMUM VOLUME of oxygen inspired, transported and utilised PER MINUTE during EXHAUSTIVE EXERCISE

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29
Q

What is the component of fitness that underpins all endurance based work?

A

Aerobic capacity
e.g long distance running, triathalons, cross country skiing
Also important to other sporting situations like football, hockey and rowing.

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30
Q

What is the key component of aerobic capacity?

A

VO2 max
The higher the % attained before fatigue sets in, the higher the aerobic capcity of a performer

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31
Q

What is VO2 max measured in ?

A

millilitres per kilogram per minute (ml/kg/min)

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32
Q

What are the 4 factors that affect VO2 max ?

A
  • physiological make-up
  • age
  • gender
  • training
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33
Q

How does PHYSIOLOGICAL MAKE-UP affect VO2 max ?

A

(the greater the effeciency of the resp system, cv system and muscle cells to inspire, transport and utilising the o2 the higher the Vo2
- size of lungs / cardiac muscle
- size of left ventricle (increase SV)
- capillarisation (increase surface area for gaseous exchange)
- SO fibres (slow oxidative)
- body fat??

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34
Q

How does AGE affect VO2 max ?

A
  • VO2 max declines after 20 years
  • 1% per year
  • lower elasticity in heart / blood vessels
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35
Q

How does GENDER affect VO2 max ?

A
  • females have 15-30% lower VO2 max
  • females have more body fat
  • smaller lung volume
  • lower hb levels
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36
Q

How does TRAINING affect VO2 max ?

A
  • aerobic training increases capacity

- training causes adaptations

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37
Q

What is CAPILLARISATION ?

A

the FORMATION and DEVELOPMENT of a network of capillaries to a part of the body, INCREASED through AEROBIC TRAINING

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38
Q

What is OBLA ?

A

ONSET of BLOOD LACTATE ACID

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39
Q

What are the 4 tests for AEROBIC CAPACITY ?

A
  • direct gas analysis
  • cooper 12-minute run
  • Queen’s college step test
  • multi-stage fitness test
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40
Q

What are the 4 aerobic capacity tests?

A
  1. direct gas analysis
  2. 12 min cooper run
  3. Multi-stage fitness test
  4. the Queens college step test
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41
Q

Aerobic capacity tests - What is the DIRECT GAS ANALYSIS ?

- test for aerobic capacity

A
  • continuous exercise until exhaustion
  • progressive intensity
  • treadmill / bike / gas mask / flow metre / gas analyser
  • measures concentration of O2 and CO2 in INSPIRED and EXPIRED air
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42
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of direct gas analysis ?

A
  • direct objective measurement of vO2 max
  • accurate and reliable
  • can be done of different sports
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43
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of direct gas analysis ?

A
  • cannot be used with elderly
  • cannot be used with health conditions
  • specialist equipment required plus it is expensive
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44
Q

What is the COPPER 12-MINUTE RUN ?

A
  • continuous running within 12 minutes
  • this is a maximal intensity test which using a simple calculation can predict vo2
  • 400m
  • total distance is recorded
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45
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of the cooper 12-minute run ?

A
  • large groups can do this at the same time
  • simple and cheap equipment required
  • published tables of normative data
  • simple vo2 calculation
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46
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of the cooper 12-minute run ?

A
  • its a prediction of Vo2 max and not a measurement
  • not elderly
  • not health conditions
  • not sport specific e.g rowers and cyclists can be at a disadvantage
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47
Q

What is the QUEEN’S COLLEGE STEP TEST ?

A
  • continuious stepping box 41.3cm high for 3 minutes
  • 24 steps/ min (men)
  • 22 steps/min (women)
  • HR taken for 5 secs after the test you take HR for 15 secs
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48
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of the queen’s college step test ?

A
  • simple and cheap equipment required
  • HR easily monitored
  • published tables of normative data and simple VO2 max calculation
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49
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of the queen’s college step test ?

A
  • predicition not a measurement
  • HR affected by prior exercise
  • not sport specific
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50
Q

What is the NCF MULTI-STAGE FITNESS TEST ?

A
  • continuous 20m shuttle run
    at progressive intensites
  • timed to audio cue
  • use standardised comparison table

s

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51
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of the NCF multi-stage fitness test ?

A
  • large groups can do it at the same time
  • simple and cheap equpment
  • published tables of VO2 max equivalent
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52
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of the NCF multi-stage fitness test ?

A
  • prediction not a measurement
  • limited by subject motivation
  • not elderly
  • not health conditions
  • not sport specific
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53
Q

Why is it essential to find the correct intensity to train?

A

it is essential to gain aerobic adaptions;
if too high the performer may fatigue too quickly and adapt anaerbically
if too low then no adaption may be made

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54
Q

Why is heart rate used in training rather than VO2?

A

It is difficult to predict or measure VO2 therefore heart rate is commonly used as they closely relate

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55
Q

What are the heart rate training zones?

A
  • based on performers age and training need
  • can be used to monitor intensity to ensure correct structural adaption occurs
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56
Q
A
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57
Q

What is KARVONEN’S PRINCIPLE ?

A

training HR = resting HR + %(HRmax - resting HR)

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58
Q

What is CONTINUOUS TRAINING ?

A

steady-state low-moderate intensity work for a prolonged period of time

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59
Q

what is some typical excercises would would usually do in continuous training?
What will this type of training stress?

A
  • typically involves large muscle groups
  • such as jogging, swimming, rowing
  • These type of training will stress aerobic energy system and slow oxidative muscle fibres
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60
Q

What is the INTENSITY of continuous training ?

A

60 - 80% of HRmax

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61
Q

What is the DURATION of continuous training ?

A

20 - 80 mins

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62
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of continuous training ?

A
  • improve aerobic capacity
  • little equipment
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63
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of continuous training ?

A
  • boring
  • not sport specific
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64
Q

What is Fartlek training?

A
  • it is continuous steady-state aerobic traning interspersed with varied higher internsity bouts and lower recovery periods
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65
Q

What is HIIT ?

A

repeated bouts of high-intensity work followed by varied recovery times for an overal periods of 20-60 mins
(High-intensity interval training)

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66
Q

What ways can you adapt HIIT training to gain the correct adaption?

A
  • duration of the work interval
  • intensity of the work interval
  • number of repetitions in a set
  • number of sets within a session
  • duration of recovery interval
  • activity during the recovery interval
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67
Q

Define repetitions

A
  • number of times an excercise is repeated or weight lifited
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68
Q

Define sets

A

a series of repetitions followed by a relief period

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69
Q

What is the INTENSITY of HIIT ? (work intervals)

A

80 - 95% of HRmax

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70
Q

What is the DURATION of HIIT ? (work intervals)

A

5 secs - 8 mins

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71
Q

What is the INTENSITY of HIIT ? (rest intervals)

A

40 - 50% HRmax

72
Q

What is the DURATION of HIIT ? (rest intervals)

A

equal to the work intervals (1:1 work to relief)

73
Q

Can HIIT easily be modified?

A
  • yes it can, it can be modified for people of varying fitness levels and can be performed in all sports
  • common uses are cycling, walking, swimming
  • HIIT provides smimilar benefits in aerobic capacity but in shorter periods of time than continuous training
74
Q

AEROBIC TRAINING : RESPIRATORY SYSTEM : STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS : FUNCTIONAL EFFECT

A
  • stronger respiratory muscles = increased lung volume & decreased respiratory fatigue
  • increased SA alveoli = increased external gaseous exchange
75
Q

AEROBIC TRAINING : CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM : STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS : FUNCTIONAL EFFECT

A
  • cardiac hypertrophy = increased SV = decreased resting HR
  • increased elasticity of arterial walls = efficient vascular shunt = increased vasodialation
  • increased RBC and HB count
  • capillarisation
76
Q

AEROBIC TRAINING : MUSCULO-SKELETAL SYSTEM : STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS : FUNCTIONAL EFFECT

A
  • SO MF hypertrophy = aerobic energy production
  • size and density of mitochondria = utilisation of O2
  • store of Mb and glycogen
  • connective tissue
77
Q

AEROBIC TRAINING : METABOLIC SYSTEM : STRUCTURAL ADAPTATIONS : FUNCTIONAL EFFECT

A
  • increase in mitochondria = increased metabolism
  • decreased fat mass = increased lean mass
  • decrease insulin resistance = maintains blood glucose levels
78
Q
A
79
Q
A
80
Q
A
81
Q

Define Asthma

A

it is the constriction of the bronchial airways and inflammation of the mucous membranes, which restrict the airways and limit breathing

82
Q

Define Hypertension

A

chronic high blood pressure defined as consistently high blood pressure over 140/90 mmHg

83
Q

define stroke

A

is a blockage in a cerebral artery cutting of oxygenated blood flow to an area of the brain or burst blood vessel within or on the surface of the brain

84
Q

define strength

A

-is the ability of the body to apply force
-it is a component of fitness important to most forms of activity and dependent on th eefficency of the neuromuscular system

85
Q

define neuromuscular system

A

the connection between the muscles and nervous system

86
Q

What is STATIC STRENGTH ?

A
  • against a resistance
  • no movement
  • isometric contractions = no muscle length change
87
Q

Give an example of static strength

A

handstand on the floor

88
Q

What is DYNAMIC STRENGTH ?

A
  • force applied to a resistance
  • eccentric or concentric
  • power output - combination of speed and strength
89
Q

Give an example of dynamic strength ?

A

hop, step, jump phase in triple jump

90
Q

Define power output

A

the amount of work performed per unit of time measured in watts (W)

91
Q

What is MAXIMUM STRENGTH ?

A
  • maximal amount of force
  • singular muscle contraction
  • one rep max
92
Q

Give an example of maximum strength

A

Olympic weightlifter performing deadlift

93
Q

What is EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH ?

A
  • series of rapid muscular contractions
  • muscle is stretched before conc. contracting
  • elastic recoil increased force of contraction
94
Q

Give an example of explosive strength

A

sprinter

95
Q

What is STRENGTH ENDURANCE ?

A
  • sustain repeated muscular contractions
  • withstand fatigue
  • extended period of time
96
Q

Give an example of strength endurance

A

rowing

97
Q

What are the 4 AFFECTING FACTORS of strength ?

A
  • cross-section area
  • fibre type
  • gender
  • age
98
Q

How does the CROSS-SECTION AREA affect strength ?

A
  • greater the section greater the strength

- 16-30N per cm of muscle cross section

99
Q

How does FIBRE TYPE affect strength ?

A
  • FO and FOG = strength

- large number of motor neurons forming large motor units

100
Q

How does GENDER affect strength ?

A
  • males have more strength
  • high muscle mass and cross-sectional area
  • more testosterone
101
Q

How does AGE affect strength ?

A
  • females = 16-25
  • males = 18-30
  • efficiency of neuromuscular system and elasticity
102
Q

What is the average vertical jump score for 16-19

A 
females = 36 - 46 cm 
males = 40 - 49 cm
103
Q

What is the ONE REP MAX TEST ?

A

MAXIMUM STRENGTH

  • specific piece of gym equipment
  • increase weight until one rep can be completed
  • full recovery between reps
104
Q

What are the STRENGTHS of the one rep max test ?

A
  • direct objective measure
  • easy procedure
  • most muscle groups can be tested
105
Q

What are the WEAKNESSES of the one rep max test ?

A
  • trail and error = fatigue
  • good technique
  • potential for injury
106
Q

What is the GRIP STRENGTH DYNAMOMETER ?

A

MAXIMUM STRENGTH

  • hold the dynamometer with a straight arm above head
  • arm brought down as grip is squeezed
107
Q

What are the STRENGTHS of the grip strength dynamometer ?

A
  • simple objective measure
  • cheap
  • highly reliable
108
Q

What are the WEAKNESSES of the grip strength dynamometer ?

A
  • only measure forearm

- not sport-specific

109
Q

What is the UK ABDOMINAL CURL TEST ?

A

STRENGTH ENDURANCE

  • progressive intensity to exhaustion
  • timed to an auto-cue
  • stage and sit-up # given
110
Q

What are the STRENGTH of the uk abdominal curl test ?

A
  • large groups
  • simple and cheap
  • isolates abs
  • valid and reliable
111
Q

What are the WEAKNESSES of the uk abdominal test ?

A
  • good technique
  • strain on lower spine
  • limited to subject motivation
  • not sport-specific
112
Q

What is the VERTICAL JUMP TEST ?

A

EXPLOSIVE STRENGTH

  • wall-mounted vertical jump board
  • highest point reached with arm outstretched
  • difference between resting and jumping score
113
Q

What are the STRENGTHS of the vertical jump test ?

A
  • easy
  • minimal equipment
  • administered by pp
114
Q

What are the WEAKNESSES of the vertical jump test ?

A
  • not isolated to one muscle group

- isolated to legs

115
Q

What are the PRINCIPLES OF TRAINING ?

A 
Specificity 
Progressive - Overload
Reversibility
Variance
Moderation
116
Q

What is SPECIFICITY ?

A

training should be relevant and appropriate for the individual

117
Q

What is PROGRESSION ?

A

demand should gradually increase over time to ensure the performer adapts and improves

118
Q

What is OVERLOAD ?

A

training should be above the performer’s comfort zone to ensure the body adapts

119
Q

What are the four components of overload ?

A

Frequency
Intensity
Time
Type

120
Q

What is VARIANCE ?

A

training should have a variety of exercises to prevent the performer from becoming bored

121
Q

What is MODERATION ?

A

training should be intense enough for adaptations to occur but not too intense that overuse occurs

122
Q

What is REVERSIBILITY ?

A

training must be maintained to prevent deterioration

123
Q

What are the types of training for STRENGTH ?

A
  • weight training
  • multi-gym
  • plyometric training
  • circuit and interval training
124
Q

What is WEIGHT TRAINING ?

A
  • free standing weights
  • high resistance, low reps = muscle size / strength
  • maximum strength
125
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of weight training ?

A
  • specific to muscle groups
  • maintains posture and alignment
  • can be adjusted to sport and type of strength
126
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of weight training ?

A
  • potentially dangerous

- ‘spotter’ required

127
Q

What is MULTI-GYM TRAINING ?

A
  • multiple components
  • wide range of exercises
  • adjustable weight
128
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of multi-gym ?

A
  • space efficient
  • safe
  • total body workout
  • suit strength requirements
129
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of multi-gym ?

A
  • exercises are generic

- hard to suit specific movements in certain sporting actions

130
Q

What is PLYOMETRIC TRAINING ?

A
  • explosive exercises
  • improve speed that muscle shorten
  • eccentric contraction stores energy used in concentric contraction
  • neuromuscular system stimulated stretch reflex
131
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of plyometric training ?

A
  • significant increase in explosive strength
132
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of plyometric training ?

A
  • high risk of injury

- experiences performers only

133
Q

What is the INTENSITY of plyometric training ?

A

medium - very high

134
Q

What is the DURATION of plyometric training ?

A

2-6 reps with full recovery between exercises

100-200 contractions per session

135
Q

What is the FREQUENCY of plyometric training ?

A

2-3 sessions per week

2 days rest between sessions

136
Q

What is CIRCUIT TRAINING ?

A
  • set number of exercise stations
  • alternate working muscle groups
  • strength endurance
137
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of circuit training ?

A
  • can be used with free weight and multi gym
  • adapted to suit types of strength
  • very sport specific
  • large numbers
138
Q

STRENGTH : NEURAL ADAPTATIONS

A
  • increased type IIa IIx fibres

- decreased inhibition of strength reflex

139
Q

STRENGTH : MUSCLE ADAPTATIONS

A
  • muscle hypertrophy (cross-sectional area 20-45%)
  • muscle hyperplasia
  • tendon / ligament strength
  • bone density
140
Q

STREGTH : METABOLIC ADAPTATION

A
  • increased ATP, PC, Glycogen stores
  • enzyme activity
  • buffering capacity
141
Q

What is MUSCLE HYPERPLASIA ?

A

increased number of muscle fibres

142
Q

What are the types of FLEXIBILITY ?

A
  • static flexibility

- dynamic flexibility

143
Q

What is STATIC FLEXIBILITY ?

A
  • RoM at joint without movement
  • prerequisite for dynamic flexibility (does not ensure it)
  • static active and static passive
144
Q

What is STATIC ACTIVE FLEXIBILITY ?

A
  • voluntary contraction

- requires strength of opposing muscle groups

145
Q

What is STATIC PASSIVE FLEXIBILITY ?

A
  • assisted by partner

- aid joint beyond point of resistance

146
Q

What is DYNAMIC FLEXIBILITY ?

A
  • Rom at joint with speed of movement
147
Q

What are the AFFECTING FACTORS of flexibility ?

A
  • type of joint
  • length / elasticity of connective tissue
  • gender
  • age
148
Q

How does JOINT TYPE affect flexibility ?

A
  • size / shape / articulating bones affect RoM

- ball and socket have greater RoM than hinge

149
Q

How does LENGTH / ELASTICITY OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE affect flexibility ?

A
  • greater L and E = greater RoM

- grater the distance before stretch reflex is initiated

150
Q

How does GENDER affect flexibility ?

A
  • females > males

- high oestrogen - responsible for length / elasticity

151
Q

How does AGE affect flexibility ?

A
  • greater in childhood

- loss of elasticity in connective tissue

152
Q

What are the ways of assessing flexibility ?

A
  • goniometry

- sit and reach

153
Q

What is GONIOMETRY ?

A
  • 360 degree protractor
  • two extending arms
  • measures RoM
  • head placed on axis of rotation
  • arms extended at articulating bones
154
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of goniometry ?

A
  • objective
  • any joint
  • sport-specific
155
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of goniometry

A
  • difficult to locate axis

- trained person required for accurate measure

156
Q

What is the SIT AND REACH TEST ?

A
  • straight legs and flat feet against box
  • reach as far forward along the box
  • hold position for 2 secs
  • best of 3 is recorded
157
Q

What are the ADVANTAGES of the sit and reach test ?

A
  • easy and cheap

- standardised data for comparison

158
Q

What are the DISADVANTAGES of the sit and reach test ?

A
  • only measures lower back and hamstrings

- pp must be warmed up and hold position for 2secs

159
Q

What is the average sit and reach score for men ?

A

10.9 - 7 cm

160
Q

What is the average sit and reach score for women ?

A

11.9 - 7 cm

161
Q

What are the types of training for flexibility ?

A
  • static stretching
  • isometric stretching
  • proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation
  • ballistic stretching
  • dynsmic stretching
162
Q

What is STATIC ACTIVE STRETCHING ?

A

performer moves joint into fully stretched position WITHOUT ASSISTANCE and holds for 10-30 secs

163
Q

What is STATIC PASSIVE STRETCHING ?

A

performer moves joint past point of resistance WITH ASSISTANCE and hold for 10-30 secs

164
Q

What is ISOMETRIC STRETCHING ?

A
  • isometrically contracts
  • with assistance
  • overcomes stretch reflex
165
Q

What is PNF ?

A
  • desensitises stretch reflex
  • static passive stretch - isometrically contracts agonist -relaxes - stretched further
  • muscle spindles adapt to increased length
166
Q

What is BALLISTIC STRETCHING ?

A
  • swinging bouncing movements
  • force joint through extreme RoM
  • preparing muscle for rapid movement
167
Q

What is DYNAMIC STRETCHING ?

A
  • full RoM with control
  • more controlled that ballisitc
  • arm circles, walking lunges
  • speed and power
168
Q

FLEXIBILITY : MUSCLE TISSUE ADAPTATIONS

A
  • increased RESTING LENGTH = increased RoM
  • muscle spindles adapt reducing stretch reflex
  • increased ELASTICITY
169
Q

What diseases are linked with the cardiovascular system ?

A
  • atherosclerosis
  • coronary heart disease
  • heart attack
  • stroke
170
Q

What is CORONARY HEART DISEASE ?

A
  • results from atherosclerosis
  • reduction in blood flow
  • angia or heart attack
171
Q

What is a HAEMORRHAGIC STROKE ?

A
  • burst of blood vessel
172
Q

What is a HEART ATTACK ?

A
  • fatty plaque breaks away from wall
  • blood clot forms
  • blocks coronary artery = cut off O2 to cardiac muscle
173
Q

What is an ISCHAEMIC STROKE ?

A
  • blockage in CEREBRAL ARTERY

- cutting O2 supply to brain

174
Q

What is ATHEROSCLEROSIS ?

A
  • build up of fatty deposit on arterial wall
  • narrows lumen
  • reducing ability to vasodialate
175
Q

What are the 3 main phases of periodised year?

A
  1. Preparation phase
  2. Competitive phase
  3. tranisition phase

A+P and Exercise physiology (15 decks)

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