Paper 1 Nature and Variety of Life

Question 1

What does MRS NERG stand for

Answer 1

Movement
Respiration
Sensitivity
Nutrition 
Excretion
Respiration
Growth
also control internal conditions (homeostasis)

Question 2

Levels of organisation (biggest to smallest)

Answer 2

organ system
organ
tissue 
cells
organelles

Question 3

purpose of nucleus

Answer 3

controls cells activities and contains genetic information

Question 4

purpose of cell membrane

Answer 4

controls what comes in and out of cell

Question 5

purpose of cytoplasm

Answer 5

gel-like substance where most of the chemical reactions take place

Question 6

purpose of mitochondria

Answer 6

respiration - produce energy

Question 7

purpose of ribosomes

Answer 7

protein synthesis

Question 8

purpose of chloroplasts

Answer 8

photosynthesis

Question 9

purpose of cell wall

Answer 9

supports and strengthens cell

Question 10

purpose of vacuole

Answer 10

contains cell sap and helps support the cell and storage

Question 11

what is a tissue

Answer 11

a group of similar, specialised cells which work together to carry out a particular function

Question 12

what is an organ

Answer 12

group of different tissues that work together to perform a function

Question 13

what is an organ system

Answer 13

organs which work together to form an organ system to do a specific job

Question 14

what does eukaryotic mean

Answer 14

a cell which has a nucleus within the membrane

Question 15

what does prokaryotic mean

Answer 15

a cell with no membrane bound organelle

Question 16

which organisms are eukaryotic

Answer 16

animals, plants, fungi, protoctists

Question 17

which organisms are prokaryotic

Answer 17

bacteria, viruses

Question 18

how do plants store carbs

Answer 18

as sucrose or starch

Question 19

how do animals and fungi store carbs

Answer 19

glycogen

Question 20

features of fungi (6)

Answer 20

some are single celled
others have a body called mycelium, made of hyphae, which contain lots of nuclei
can't photosynthesise
cell walls made of chitin
feed by saprotrophic nutrition
store carbs as glycogen

Question 21

what is saprotrophic nutrition

Answer 21

secrete extracellular enzymes out of body to dissolve food so the nutrients can be absorbed

Question 22

features of protoctists (3)

Answer 22

single celled and microscopic
some have chloroplasts and are similar to plant cells
others are more like animal cells

Question 23

features of bacteria (5)

Answer 23

single celled and microscopic
no nucleus
circular chromosomes of DNA
some can photosynthesise
most bacteria feed off other organisms

Question 24

features of viruses (5)

Answer 24

smaller than bacteria and are particles rather than cells
can only reproduce inside living cells
infect all types of organisms
come in lots of different shapes and sizes
no cellular structure - protein coat around some genetic material (DNA or RNA)

Question 25

what is a parasite

Answer 25

something that depends on another organism to grow and reproduce

Question 26

what is a pathogen

Answer 26

a microorganism that causes disease

Question 27

example of protoctist pathogen

Answer 27

plasmodium, causes malaria

Question 28

example of bacterium pathogen

Answer 28

pneumococcus, causes pneumonia

Question 29

example of virus pathogen

Answer 29

HIV, causes AIDS

Question 30

example of fungan disease

Answer 30

athletes foot