Paper 1 - Biological Molecules Flashcards
what elements are in carbohydrates
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what elements are in protein
carbon, nitrogen, hydrogen, oxygen
what elements are in lipids
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
what are carbohydrates made of
simple sugars - glucose or maltose
joined together in a large chain
form starch (plants) or glycogen (animals)
what are proteins made of
amino acids
joined together in long chains
what are lipids made of
3 fatty acids and glycerol
what makes up a balanced diet (7)
Carbs Lipids Proteins Vitamins Minerals Water Fibre
purpose of carbs and examples
bread - provides energy
purpose of lipids and examples
butter - energy store and insulation/protection
purpose of protein and examples
meat - growth and repair of tissue as well as energy in emergencies
purpose of vitamins and examples
A, C, D
A - carrots - vision and healthy skin/hair
C - orange (fruit) - prevent scurvy (healthy gums)
D - Made in response to sunlight - calcium absorption
purpose of minerals and examples
calcium - milk - strong bones and teeth
iron - red meat - make haemoglobin for healthy blood
purpose of water
everything relies on water, needed to replace water lost by excretion, sweating etc… (homeostasis)
purpose of fibre and examples
oats - aids in movement of food through gut (peristalsis) and prevents constipation
how do enzymes break down starch and why
amylase breaks it down into maltose
maltase breaks maltose into glucose
makes the molecules soluble and can be absorbed
