Paper 1 - Ethnic identity

Question 1

Ethnic Identity (define)

Answer 1

those who sahre common cultural characteristic, set apart from other social groups e.g. white British , British Pakistani

Question 2

Race (define)

Answer 2

person’s biological characteristics e.g. skin colour
could cause prejudice or discrimination (stereotypes)

Question 3

Butler (westernise muslim)

Answer 3

young British Asians retain respect for Islam but adopted western ideas about education and careers.
ethnic identity product of negotiation rather than acceptance of cultural norms and = values

Question 4

Family - Archer (Muslim boys)

Answer 4

Masculinity Muslim boys
men, strong women, respect them

Question 5

Education- Mac an Ghail

Answer 5

teachers hold racist attitudes and give poor careers advice to e/m groups
such racism pupils develop survival strategies to resist negative labelling

Question 6

Education - Gillborn

Answer 6

Teachers have racialised expectations and expect black pupils to present more discipline problems, when teachers act on misperceptions, pupil respond negativelt e.g. hitting

Question 7

Education - Wright

Answer 7

teachers not ask e/m question as assume they can’t speak English and won’t understand (canteen culture - Waddington)

Question 8

Peers - Brah (code-switching)

Answer 8

young Asians, act like gangster with peers and more traditional at home
switch between diff cultural code depending on context

Question 9

Peers - Johal and Nayak - cultural hybridity

Answer 9

Johal - Brasian culture, hybrid/fusion
Nayak - whitewannabe, like black youths

Question 10

Media - Gillespie

Answer 10

British Punjabis use tv and vids to redefine ethnic identities
experience diff cultures and mix into new one
aspects of American dream ideology and identifications with other Muslims

Question 11

Media - Hall

Answer 11

‘white Messiah fable’ white character saves oppressed group (e.g. avatar movie)

Question 12

Religion - Abercrombie & Warde

Answer 12

Islamic identity is reactive resistant, reaction from being excluded by white society and offers positive source of identity . e,g hijab, halal diet, no drinking, praying

Question 13

Religion - Hebdidge

Answer 13

Rastafarian culture formed in resistance to slavery and white oppression, impacted identity of Black Caribbean’s

Question 14

Workplace - Waddington

Answer 14

Canteen Culture e.g. police institionally racist, e/m groups treated poorly

Question 15

Workplace - Castles & Kosacks

Answer 15

Reserve army of Labour
e/m hired in economic boom and fired in economic bust

Question 16

Workplace - Barren & Norris

Answer 16

Dual labour market, primary and secondary labour markets
e/m secondary, low pay and security and promotions

Question 17

Madood -(old hybridity)

Answer 17

not all cultural hybrids aren’t new
e.g. Jews, Irish and other ethnic groups have long-established British communities, might be seen as involving hybrid ethnicities and identities