Paper 1 Flashcards
What are the different energy stores?
- KINETIC
- THERMAL (internal energy)
- ELASTIC POTENTIAL
- GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL
- MAGNETIC
- NUCLEAR
These stores represent different forms of energy that can be found in an object.
What is KINETIC energy?
Energy of an object in motion.
Kinetic energy is associated with the movement of an object.
What is THERMAL energy also known as?
Internal energy.
Thermal energy refers to the energy contained within an object due to the kinetic energy of its molecules.
What is ELASTIC POTENTIAL energy?
Energy stored in an object when it is stretched or compressed.
This energy is related to the position of an object, like a compressed spring.
What is GRAVITATIONAL POTENTIAL energy?
Energy stored due to an object’s position in a gravitational field.
This energy depends on the height and mass of the object.
What is MAGNETIC energy?
Energy stored in magnetic fields, such as between two magnets.
This energy is associated with magnetic forces acting on objects.
What is NUCLEAR energy?
Energy released from the nucleus of an atom during nuclear reactions.
Nuclear energy can be released in processes like fission or fusion.
Name the four ways energy can be transferred between stores.
- MECHANICALLY
- ELECTRICALLY
- BY HEATING
- BY RADIATION
Understanding these methods is crucial for analyzing energy transfers in physical systems.
What happens during MECHANICAL energy transfer?
A force does work on an object.
This is illustrated by a force pushing an object along a surface.
What is an example of ELECTRICAL energy transfer?
Current flowing through a light bulb.
This demonstrates how electrical energy is converted to light and heat.
What occurs during energy transfer BY HEATING?
Energy is transferred from a hotter object to a colder object.
An example is heating water in a pan on a stove.
What is energy transfer BY RADIATION?
Energy transferred through waves, such as sound or light.
A common example is sunlight traveling to Earth.
Define a closed system.
A system where no matter or energy can enter or leave.
In a closed system, energy is conserved, meaning total energy remains constant.
What happens when a closed system changes?
There is no net change in the total energy of the system.
This is exemplified by energy transfer within a sealed environment.
Fill in the blank: A cold spoon sealed in a flask of hot soup is an example of a _______.
closed system.
This example illustrates energy transfer without loss to the surroundings.
What does the Conservation of Energy Principle state?
Energy is moved between stores and never disappears.
Is energy ever lost during transfers?
No, energy is never lost; it is transferred to a different store.
What happens to energy when it is dissipated?
It is transferred to an energy store that we didn’t want.
What is the relationship between work done and energy transferred?
Work done is the same as energy transferred.
When is energy transferred mechanically?
When a force moves an object.
Describe the energy transfer when a ball is thrown into the air.
Energy is transferred from the boy’s chemical energy store to the ball’s kinetic energy store.
What happens when a ball is dropped from a height?
Energy is transferred from the ball’s gravitational potential energy store to its kinetic energy store.
How does friction affect a car slowing down?
Energy is transferred from the wheels’ kinetic energy store to the thermal energy store of the surroundings.
What occurs when a car hits a wall?
Energy is transferred from the car’s kinetic energy store to other energy stores, including elastic potential and thermal energy.