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Electricity Knowledge Organiser Flashcards

1
Q

What is the independent variable when investigating resistance in a wire?

A

Length of the wire

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2
Q

What is the dependent variable when investigating resistance in a wire?

A

Resistance

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3
Q

What are the control variables in the investigation of resistance in a wire?

A
  • Type of metal
  • Diameter of the wire
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4
Q

What conclusion can be drawn about the relationship between the length of a wire and its resistance?

A

As the length of the wire increases, the resistance of the wire also increases.

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5
Q

What is the independent variable when investigating series and parallel circuits with resistors?

A

Circuit type (series, parallel)

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6
Q

What is the dependent variable when investigating series and parallel circuits with resistors?

A

Resistance

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7
Q

What are the control variables when investigating series and parallel circuits?

A
  • Number of resistors
  • Type of power source
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8
Q

What conclusion can be drawn about adding resistors in series?

A

Adding resistors in series increases the total resistance of the circuit.

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9
Q

What conclusion can be drawn about adding resistors in parallel?

A

In a parallel circuit, the more resistors you add, the smaller the resistance.

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10
Q

What is the independent variable when investigating I-V relationships in circuits?

A

Potential difference/volts (V)

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11
Q

What is the dependent variable when investigating I-V relationships in circuits?

A

Current (A)

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12
Q

What are the control variables when investigating I-V relationships in circuits?

A
  • Number of components (e.g., 1 filament bulb, 1 resistor)
  • Type of power source
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13
Q

How is charge calculated?

A

Charge flow (C) = current (A) * time (s)

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14
Q

What is the formula for calculating resistance in terms of voltage and current?

A

Voltage (V) = current (A) * resistance (Ω)

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15
Q

What characterizes an ohmic conductor in an I-V graph?

A

The current is directly proportional to the potential difference - it is a straight line (at a constant temperature).

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16
Q

What happens to the filament lamp as the current increases?

A

As the current increases, the temperature increases, making it harder for the current to flow. The graph becomes less steep.

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17
Q

What is the behavior of a diode in a circuit?

A

Current only flows in one direction; resistance is very high in the other direction, preventing current flow.

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18
Q

What is the definition of electric current?

A

The flow of electric charge.

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19
Q

What does potential difference (voltage) represent?

A

The push of electrical charge.

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20
Q

What is the role of resistance in an electrical circuit?

A

Slows down the flow of electricity.

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21
Q

Fill in the blank: Potential difference (V) = _______ x Resistance (Ω).

A

Current (A)

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22
Q

What is the power equation related to voltage and current?

A

Power (P) = Voltage (V) * Current (I)

23
Q

What is the power for 1 kW in watts?

24
Q

What is the power for 0.5 kW in watts?

25
What does LDR stand for?
Light Dependent Resistor ## Footnote An LDR is a resistor whose resistance varies with light intensity.
26
How does the resistance of an LDR change with light intensity?
Resistance falls in bright light and increases at night
27
What are two common uses of LDRs?
* Outdoor night lights * Burglar detectors
28
What is a thermistor?
A temperature dependent resistor
29
How does the resistance of a thermistor change with temperature?
Resistance decreases when hot and increases when cold
30
What is one common use of thermistors?
Temperature detectors
31
What happens in a series circuit if one component fails?
All components stop working
32
How is the potential difference shared in a series circuit?
The total p.d. of the supply is shared between all components
33
What is the current reading in a series circuit?
The same wherever the ammeter is placed
34
How do you calculate total resistance in a series circuit?
R_total = R1 + R2 + R3 + ...
35
What is a characteristic of parallel circuits?
If one component stops working, it does not affect the others
36
How is the potential difference in parallel circuits?
The same for all components
37
How is the total current in a parallel circuit calculated?
Total current is the sum of all currents through the components
38
How do you calculate total resistance in a parallel circuit?
1/R_total = 1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3 + ...
39
What does AC stand for?
Alternating Current
40
What is the frequency of the UK mains supply?
50 hertz
41
What does DC stand for?
Direct Current
42
What are the three wires in most electrical cables?
* Live * Neutral * Earth
43
What is the function of the live wire?
Provides the potential difference from the mains
44
What is the function of the neutral wire?
Completes the circuit
45
What is the purpose of the earth wire?
Protection; stops the appliance from becoming live
46
What can happen if you touch the live wire?
You can receive an electric shock
47
How is energy transferred in a circuit?
Energy is transferred when charge moves
48
What is the formula for energy transferred?
E (J) = power (W) * time (s)
49
What is the formula for power in terms of potential difference and current?
P (W) = V (V) * I (A)
50
What does the National Grid do?
Transfers electrical power from power stations to where it is needed
51
How do power stations adjust electricity production?
They change the amount of electricity produced to meet demands
52
What is the role of step-up transformers?
Increase the voltage as electricity flows through cables
53
What is the role of step-down transformers?
Decrease the potential difference to make it safe

physics (15 decks)

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