P5 Ai Flashcards
What is a vector quantity?
A vector quantity has a magnitude (size) and a direction.
Examples of vector quantities include force, velocity, displacement, and acceleration.
What are scalar quantities?
Scalar quantities have a magnitude but no direction.
Examples of scalar quantities include speed, distance, mass, temperature, and time.
How are vectors usually represented?
Vectors are usually represented by an arrow.
The length of the arrow shows the magnitude, and the direction of the arrow shows the direction of the quantity.
What is a force?
A force is a push or a pull that acts on an object.
What causes forces to act?
Forces are caused by objects interacting with each other.
What are contact forces?
Contact forces are forces that require two objects to be touching.
Examples include friction, air resistance, tension, and normal contact force.
What are non-contact forces?
Non-contact forces are forces that do not require objects to be touching.
Examples include magnetic force, gravitational force, and electrostatic force.
What happens when an object exerts a force on another object?
The second object pushes back, which is the normal contact force.
What is an interaction pair?
An interaction pair consists of two forces that are equal in size but act in opposite directions.
Give an example of an interaction pair.
The gravitational attraction between the Earth and the Sun.
Fill in the blank: A force is a _____ or a _____ that acts on an object.
[push] [pull]
True or False: All forces are either contact or non-contact forces.
True
Name one contact force and one non-contact force that act on a dropped tennis ball.
Contact force: [friction]
Non-contact force: [gravitational force]
What is mass measured in?
Kilograms (kg)
Mass is the amount of matter in an object.
What is the definition of mass?
The amount of matter (stuff) in an object
Mass is constant regardless of location.
What is the term for the point where the weight of an object can be considered to act from?
Centre of mass
This point is crucial for understanding how weight is distributed.
What is weight measured in?
Newtons (N)
Weight is the force acting on an object due to gravity.
How is weight defined?
The force acting on an object due to gravity
This force acts from an object’s centre of mass.
What causes the weight of an object near Earth?
The gravitational field around the Earth
The strength of the gravitational field can vary based on location.
How does the weight of an object change?
It depends on the object’s location
Unlike mass, which remains constant.
How can weight be measured?
Using a calibrated spring balance (newtonmeter)
This instrument allows for accurate measurement of weight.
What is the relationship between mass and weight?
They are directly proportional
This means as one increases, the other does as well.
What is the formula to calculate weight?
Weight (N) = Mass (kg) x Gravitational Field Strength (N/kg)
For Earth, gravitational field strength is approximately 9.8 N/kg.
What is the gravitational field strength on Earth?
Approximately 9.8 N/kg
This value is used in weight calculations on Earth.