Panic Disorder

Question 1

Occurrence seems to come out of the blue and panic attacks are brief but intense. Recurrent and Unexpected attacks and worry about additional facts

Answer 1

Panic disorder

Question 2

To qualify as a panic attack there must be an abrupt onset of how many out of the 13 sometimes

Answer 2

Four

Question 3

What is a Gora phobia

Answer 3

Anxiety about being in places from which escaping might be difficult or embarrassing. Like crowds theatres malls or public transport. Typically freight and buy their own bodily sensations and avoid activities that will increase arousal like exercising, scary movies, caffeine, sex

Question 4

True or false? Agoura phobia is a frequent complication of panic disorder but can be a distinct order with no panic, they just won the environment outside their home threatening

Answer 4

True

Question 5

True or false panic disorder is twice as prevalent in men

Answer 5

False, it is twice is prevalent in women

Question 6

Panic disorder without agoraphobia is more common then

Answer 6

Panic disorder with agoraphobia

Question 7

Panic disorders have at least one? And will most likely experience?

Answer 7

Comorbid disorders

Serious depression at some point

Question 8

Independent of comorbidity, panic disorder is associated with

Answer 8

Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts

Question 9

Many people who experience single panic attacks do not

Answer 9

Develop panic disorder

Question 10

The first attack frequently follows feelings of

Answer 10

Distress are highly stressful life circumstances. Like loss of a loved one, relationship, job or being a victim of a crime

Question 11

What is the genetic link for a panic disorder

Answer 11

Usually lunch and neuroticism personality traits, has a moderate heritability component

Question 12

What are the two most prevalent bio chemical panic provocation agents

Answer 12

Noradrenergic (cardiovascular symptoms and involved with panic) and Serotonergic (Increased activity decreases noradrenergic)

Question 13

What are the two brain areas implicated in panic attacks

Answer 13

The locus Coruleus and the amygdala

Question 14

What hormone is involved and brain activity in the brain stem

Answer 14

Norepinephrine

Question 15

What does the amygdala to do

Answer 15

It’s a collection of nuclei in front of the hippocampus which is involved in emotional processing of fear

Question 16

Explain the comprehensive learning theory of panic disorders for the FIRST panic attack

Answer 16

First panic attack:
Over activity of the amygdala. Interoceptive cue = heart beat increases
Exteroceptive cue = being away from home
Classical conditioning: interoceptive and exteroceptive cue become quickly associated with higher anxiety and arousal

Question 17

Explain the comprehensive learning theory of panic disorders for the Subsequent panic attacks

Answer 17

I & E cues Lead to the reoccurrence of physiological and thoughts of panic

Question 18

What is the cognitive theory of panic? How does it create a vicious cycle?

Answer 18

Hyper sensitive to their own bottle he sensations and prone to giving the worst interpretation possible. For example thinking a fast heart rate means a heart attack or dizziness means a brain tumor. The freight and thoughts leads to more physical symptoms which fuels the catastrophic thoughts which creates a vicious cycle

Question 19

How was operant conditioning involved in the cognitive theory of panic for panic disorder

Answer 19

Panic disorder: thoughts or experience of cues causing anxiety. Avoid cues and worry about future panic attacks. Avoidance leads to the reduction of anxiety. Operate Lee condition avoidance to decrease worry

Question 20

How was operant conditioning involved in the cognitive theory of panic for agoraphobia

Answer 20

Generalizes cues from panic attacks to various situations. Thoughts of cues or situations late to high anxiety. So they avoid the situations. Avoidance leads to the reduction of anxiety so avoidance and worry behaviour decrease. Avoidance is off operantly condition

Question 21

People who have high levels of anxiety sensitivity which is a trait like believe that certain bodily symptoms might have harmful consequences are more prone to developing?

Answer 21

Panic attacks and panic disorder

Question 22

What can reduce anxiety sensitivity

Answer 22

Perceived control can greatly reduce fear

Question 23

How do you safety behaviours contribute to the persistence of panic. How do people continue to have panic attacks if the things they’re worried about never come true?

Answer 23

They mistakenly attribute the catastrophic not coming through to the safety procedures they take like breathing slower, deeper and taking medication in the midst of the attack

Question 24

How do you cognitive biases contribute to the maintenance of panic

Answer 24

Your attention is automatically drawn to threatening causes

Question 25

What are four points about Anxiolytics

Answer 25

Act very quickly so they can be used in a cute situations of an intense panic. Have drowsiness and sedation as a side effect. Bad with drawl symptoms which is why they are not the first treatment choice. Relapses is high

Question 26

What are two good things about antidepressants used to treat panic disorder

Answer 26

They do not create physiological dependence is, and illuminate comorbid depressive symptoms

Question 27

What are three bad things about antidepressants for treating panic disorder

Answer 27

It takes four weeks to have an effect so not useful for acute situation and during panic attacks, bad side effects, relapse is high but not as high as anxiolytics

Question 28

What is an example of prolonged exposure therapy for panic disorder

Answer 28

Interoceptive exposure: exposure to the feared internal sensation. Asked to engage and sensations that would bring about the sensation like spinning in a chair, hyperventilation, running in place and sticking with those sensations until they subside to habituate their fears of the sensation

Question 29

What is a cognitive behavioural treatment for panic disorder

Answer 29

Recognizing that the automatic catastrophic thoughts are what maintain the panic attacks

Question 30

What is the cognitive behavioural treatment, panic control treatment

Answer 30

Targets agoraphobia avoidance and panic attacks.

1. Explain that the experience Of anxiety and panic is adaptive
2. Teaching them how to control their breathing
3. Taught common logical errors that panic people are prone to making
4. Exposed to the feared situation and feared bodily sensation to build up a tolerance