Panic Disorder Flashcards
In panic disorder, panic must be _____ and it must be _____
Uncued and spontaneous
What is stimulus-bound panic VS situationally-bound panic
Stimulus bound: phobias - respond reliably to the stimulus with panic
Situationally-bound: agoraphobia
What is criterion A of panic disorder
Recurrent and unexpected panic attacks
A discrete period of fear or discomfort with 4 out of 13 symptoms that develop abruptly and peaks in intensity within 10 minutes
- lots of cardiovascular, autonomic symptoms and some cognitive
What is criterion B of panic disorder
At least one of the attacks has to be followed by a month or more of a persistent concern about having panic attack - the worry of having a panic attack so you alter your behaviour accordingly
What are criteria C/D of panic disorder
The disturbance is not better explained by another mental disorder, another medical condition or a substance
What did Klein say about panic
Originally anxiety is paired with a negative stimulus
Avoidance occurs - ex: you have a panic attack at the mall and you start avoiding the mall as a consequence
Through the avoidance, anxiety is negatively reinforced instead of facing fears and seeing no negative response
What can be differential diagnosis of panic and elaborate
Social or simple phobia can involve avoidance of similar situations
- the motivation is different
- simple phobias: could be afraid that a bus will crash
- social phobia: may avoid crowds because they fear embarrassing themselves
What is the lifetime prevalence of panic disorder
4-6%
True or false: panic attacks are just as frequent as panic disorder
False: panic attacks are more common
True or false: panic is more prevalent in males than in females
False
True or false: there is no significant associations with race/education
True
What is the median age of onset of panic disorder
24
What is the range age of onset for panic disorder
14-34
True or false: the onset of panic disorder is very gradual
False, it is very abrupt - you go from nothin to panic symptoms
What did David Clark suggest as a psychological theory of panic
Panic attacks are due to catastrophic misinterpretations of certain bodily sensations - sensitive to interoceptive symptoms
- EX: heart palpitations = heart attack
— vicious cycle because you magnify: think you’re having a heart attack = more anxious = faster HR and the cycle continues
Symptoms are usually internally-generated but they could come from caffeine, cocaine and anger
What did Reiss & McNally posit as a psychological theory of panic
Anxiety sensitivity
- trait-like differences in how fearful one is about physiological sensations of anxiety
- people high on trait are more likely to panic when they experience anxiety
Anxiety sensitivity index
- higher AS at baseline = more likely to have a panic attack
According to the textbook, what percentage of people experience nocturnal panic attacks?
30-45%
