Pancytopenia Flashcards
Pancytopenia describes a deficiency of which cells?
Erythrocytes, platelets and neutrophils
The term pancytopenia generally excludes which cells?
Lymphocytes
Pancytopenia can be due to reduced production or increased destruction of cells. What is the main cause of increased destruction of cells?
Hypersplenism
What is the main example of an inherited marrow failure syndrome causing pancytopenia?
Fanconi’s anaemia
What is the median age of onset of Fanconi’s anaemia?
7 years
What are some physical features that may be seen in an individual with Fanconi’s anaemia?
Cafe au lait spots and short stature
What is the pathophysiology behind idiopathic aplastic anaemia?
Autoimmune attack against haemopoietic stem cells
Other than idiopathic aplastic anaemia, what are some acquired primary causes of pancytopenia due to decreased production of cells?
Myelodyspastic syndromes and acute leukaemias
What are some examples of drugs which may induce bone marrow aplasia?
Chemotherapy drugs, choramphenicol, alcohol
A deficiency of which vitamins may lead to acquired secondary bone marrow failure?
Vitamin B12 and folate
What are the 3 main features of pancytopenia?
Fatigue, easy bleeding/bruising, increased susceptibility to infections
What investigation is used to diagnose Fanconi’s anaemia?
Chromosome fragility testing
What supportive treatments can be offered to individuals with pancytopenia?
Red cell and platelet transfusions and antibiotic prophylaxis
How is idiopathic aplastic anaemia treated?
Immunosuppression
