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Gen Med (Haem) > Bleeding Disorders > Flashcards

Bleeding Disorders Flashcards

1
Q

How do disorders of primary haemostasis formation typically present?

A

Easy/spontaneous bruising and purpura

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2
Q

Disorders of primary haemostasis will show what on fundoscopy?

A

Retinal haemorrhages

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3
Q

Use of what medication may cause failure of primary haemostasis as a result of vascular damage?

A

Steroids

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4
Q

Deficiency of which vitamin may cause failure of primary haemostasis as a result of vascular damage?

A

Vitamin C

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5
Q

The acute form of immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is most likely to occur in who, and when?

A

In children, following an infection or vaccination

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6
Q

How is the acute form of immune thrombocytopenia treated?

A

Usually self-limiting over 1-2 weeks

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7
Q

The chronic form of immune thrombocytopenia is most likely to occur in who?

A

Young and middle aged females

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8
Q

How is the chronic form of immune thrombocytopenia treated?

A

Prednisolone

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9
Q

Abnormally large and sticky multimers of Von Willebrand’s factor cause platelets to clump within vessels describes the pathophysiology behind what condition?

A

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP)

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10
Q

Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is rare, but is generally seen in who?

A

Adult females

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11
Q

What is Evan’s syndrome?

A

ITP with autoimmune haemolytic anaemia

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12
Q

What is the most common inherited bleeding disorder?

A

Von Willebrand’s disease

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13
Q

How is Von Willebrand’s disease usually inherited?

A

Autosomal dominant

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14
Q

What are the two most common presentations of Von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Menorrhagia and epistaxis

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15
Q

What happens to the bleeding time in individuals with Von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Increased

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16
Q

Does Von Willebrand’s disease cause a prolonged PT, APTT, both or neither?

A

APTT

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17
Q

Levels of which clotting factor maybe moderately reduced in those with Von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Factor VIII

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18
Q

What is used as a treatment for mild bleeding caused by Von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Tranexamic acid

19
Q

What medication can be used to raise the levels of Von Willebrand’s factor in those with Von Willebrand’s disease?

A

Desmopressin

20
Q

Which clotting factors are vitamin K dependent?

A

II, VII, IX and X

21
Q

What are the three main examples of multiple clotting factor deficiencies?

A

Liver disease, vitamin K deficiency and DIC

22
Q

What are some potential causes of DIC?

A

Sepsis, trauma, malignancies and obstetric complications

23
Q

What is the cause of end organ failure in DIC?

A

Microvascular thrombus formation (from excess clotting)

24
Q

Which end organs are most likely to be damaged as a result of DIC?

A

Kidneys, liver, lungs, brain

25
Q

How are haemophilias inherited?

A

X linked recessive

26
Q

Which type of haemophilia is more common?

A

Haemophilia A

27
Q

In haemophilia A, there is a deficiency of which clotting factor?

A

Factor VIII

28
Q

In haemophilia B, there is a deficiency of which clotting factor?

A

Factor IX

29
Q

Which type of haemophilia can also be known as Christmas disease?

A

Haemophilia B

30
Q

What are the two most common presentations of haemophilia?

A

Haemarthrosis/haematomas or prolonged bleeding after surgery or trauma

31
Q

How are haemophilias treated?

A

Injections of factor concentrate every 2-3 days

32
Q

What happens to the platelet count in DIC?

A

Low

33
Q

Does DIC cause a prolonged PT, APTT, both or neither?

A

Both

34
Q

What happens to the D-dimer count in DIC?

A

Increased

35
Q

What may be seen on a blood film of someone with DIC due to microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia?

A

Schistocytes

36
Q

What happens to the fibrinogen level in DIC?

A

Low

37
Q

Does haemophilia cause a prolonged PT, APTT, both or neither?

A

APTT

38
Q

In which bleeding conditions will the bleeding time be increased?

A

Von Willebrand’s disease and DIC

39
Q

Does a deficiency of vitamin K cause a prolonged PT, APTT, both or neither?

A

Both

40
Q

What are some potential treatments for mild bleeding in haemophilia?

A

Desmopressin and tranexamic acid

41
Q

Desmopressin should only be used as a treatment for which type of haemophilia?

A

Haemophilia A

42
Q

Tranexamic acid is not a useful treatment for what type of bleeding in patients with haemophilia?

A

Haemarthroses or haematomas

43
Q

What is the treatment for severe bleeding in haemophilia?

A

Factor VIII/IX factor concentrate IV infusion

Gen Med (Haem) (12 decks)

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