Pancreatic Physiology

Question 1

exocrine cells

Answer 1

acinar

duct

Question 2

exocrine functions

Answer 2

Acini of pancreas produce digestive enzymes

Released via pancreatic duct into duodenum

Question 3

endocrine function

Answer 3

Islet of Langerhans produce insulin, glucagon & somatostatin

Large role in regulating glucose

Question 4

what does exocrine pancreas secrete

Answer 4

HCO3- (bicarbonate) – neutralises chyme
Digestive enzymes
Zymogens (precursor enzymes)

Question 5

PURPOSE OF HCO3- RELEASE

Answer 5

Protects duodenum from gastric acid

Buffers chyme to a suitable pH

Question 6

HCO3- RELEASE mechanism

Answer 6

Stimulated by secretin release
Pancreatic duct cells secrete HCO3- into the duct lumen via Cl-/HCO3- exchanger

The Cl- is recycled back into the lumen via a CFTR channel

Question 7

Cephalic phase of swallowing

Answer 7

Paraysmpathetic vagus nerve to stimulate acinar cells

Seeing and eating food produces saliva

Question 8

Gastric phase of swallowing

Answer 8

Food in stomach
Vagus parasymalethic to acinar cells
Produce digestive enzymes

Question 9

Endocrine cells and role

Answer 9

Alpha cells glucagon to raise blood glucose
Beta cells insulin lower blood glucose
Delta cells somastatin inhibit exocrine secretions of the pancreas

Question 10

Where are zymogens activated and how

Answer 10

Duodenum

Enterokinase

Question 11

Consequences of insulin resistance

Answer 11

Increase free fatty acids and glucose in blood