gastro Anatomy 🪢

Question 1

innervation and vasculature to foregut

Answer 1

coeliac trunk

greater splanchic nerves

Question 2

blood and nerve supply to the midgut

Answer 2

SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY

lesser splanchnic

Question 3

blood and nerve supply to the hindgut

Answer 3

inferior mesenteric artery

lesser splanchnic

Question 4

5 parts of the stomach

Answer 4

cardia fundus body antrum and pylorus

Question 5

what are the two sphincters in the stomach

Answer 5

cardiac / inferior oesophageal sphincter

pyloric sphincter

Question 6

what veterbral level does the stomach lie in

Answer 6

t7 to l3

Question 7

function of the pyloric sphincter and location

Answer 7

controls the exit of chyme from the stomach

Between pylorus and first part of duodenum

Question 8

what is the cardiac orifice and what level

Answer 8

where the oesophagus turns into stomach

T10

Question 9

What region does the stomach lie in

Answer 9

Epigastric and umbilical

Question 10

Superior structures of stomach

Answer 10

Oesophagus and left dome of diaphragm

Question 11

visceral and parietal peritoneum

Answer 11

parietal - peritoneum covers the organs inside the abdom cavity
viscera- covers the abdom wall

Question 12

What does the greater omenta contain

Answer 12

Lymph nodes

Question 13

Lesser omenta origin and function

Answer 13

Arises at the lesser curvature and ascends to attach to the liver
Attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver

Question 14

How do the lesser and greater sacs communicate

Answer 14

Epiploic foramen.

Question 15

vasculature to greater curvature and and what they arise from

Answer 15

right gastroepiploic/ omental arise from common hepatic

left gastric/ epiplolic arise from splenic artery.

Question 16

vasculature to the lesser curvature

Answer 16

right gastric artery - arise from ccommon hepatic

left gastric artery -direct from coeliac trunk

Question 17

what supplies the fundus

Answer 17

short gastric arteries

Question 18

Innervation to the stomach

Answer 18

Parasympathetic vagus

Sympathetic greater splanchnic nerve

Question 19

Lymphatics of the stomach

Answer 19

Gastric and gastro omental lymph nodes

Question 20

where is the xiphisternum

Answer 20

most inferior part of the xiphoid process

Question 21

what is the iliac crest

Answer 21

Illiums most superior border

Question 22

what is addisons plane / transpyloric plane

Answer 22

plane located midway between the jugular notch and superior border of pubic symphysis, at approximately the level of L1 vertebral bod–

Question 23

mcburneys point

Answer 23

from belly button to right hip bone

Question 24

3 flat muscles of anterior abdom wall

Answer 24

external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus

Question 25

attachment function innervation of external oblique

Answer 25

Attachments: ribs 5-12, and inserts into the iliac crest and pubic tubercle. Functions: Contralateral rotation of the torso. Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12).

Question 26

attachment function and innervation of internal oblique

Answer 26

originates from inguinal ligament Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen thoracoabdominal nerve

Question 27

attachment function and innervation of transversus abdominus

Answer 27

origin ; inguinal ligament compression of abdominal contents thoracoabdomial nerve

Question 28

two vertical abdom muscles

Answer 28

rectus abdominus | pyramidalis

Question 29

what is the rectus sheath formed by

Answer 29

aponeuroses of the three flat muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles

Question 30

posterior and anterior wall of rectus sheath

Answer 30

anterior - ext obl and 1/2 internal | posterior- 1/2 int and transversus abdominus

Question 31

Origin and function of greater splanchnic nerve

Answer 31

Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 5-9 | Sympathetic supply of the foregut and adrenal medulla

Question 32

Origin and function of lesser splanchnic nerve

Answer 32

Medial branches of sympathetic ganglia 10-11 | Sympathetic supply of midgut

Question 33

Origin and function of least splanchnic nerve

Answer 33

Medial branches of sympathetic ganglion 11-12 | Sympathetic supply of kidneys

Question 34

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 34

Duodenum Jejunum Ileum

Question 35

What is the ileocecal junction

Answer 35

At the ileum where small intestine becomes large intestine

Question 36

What is retroperitoneal

Answer 36

Abdominal structures only partially covered by peritoneum

Question 37

Superior and inferior surface of first part of duodenum ( superior. )

Answer 37

Hepatoduodenal ligamant superiorly | Greater omentum inferior

Question 38

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 38

Where the main pancreatic duct combines with common bile duct

Question 39

Posterior structures to inferior part of duodenum

Answer 39

Ivc Aorta Ima

Question 40

Anterior structures of the inferior duodenum

Answer 40

Sma | Smv

Question 41

What supplies the first two parts of duodenum

Answer 41

Superior pancreaticduodenal artery

Question 42

Pathway from coeliac trunk to pancreaticduodenal a

Answer 42

``` Coeliac trunk Common hepatic artery Supraduodenal artery Gastroduodenal artery Pancreaticduodenal artery ```

Question 43

Venous drainage of the duodenum

Answer 43

Coeliac lymph nodes starting from pancreaticduodenal lymph nodes

Question 44

Innervation of the duodenum

Answer 44

Sympathetic Greater t5-t9 and lesser t10-11splanchnic nerves Parasympathetic - vagus

Question 45

Where does the jejunum start

Answer 45

At the duodenal flexure

Question 46

Arterial blood supply to the jejunum and ileum

Answer 46

SMA

Question 47

Is jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal

Answer 47

Retroperitoneal

Question 48

What connects the jejunum to poster abdom wall

Answer 48

Small intestine mesentery

Question 49

What parts of large intestine are intraperitoneal

Answer 49

Transverse and sigmoid colon

Question 50

What nerve lies anterior to the abdom Oesophagus and which posterior

Answer 50

Left vagus anterior | Right vagus posterior

Question 51

Folds of mucosa in the small intestine are called

Answer 51

Pilcae circulares

Question 52

Characteristics of jejunum

Answer 52

Thick intestinal wall Longer vasa recta Less arterial arcades

Question 53

Characteristics of ileum

Answer 53

Thin intestinal walls Short vasa recta More arterial arcades

Question 54

Function of large intestine

Answer 54

Absorbs water from residual digested food | Form and stores faeces until defacation

Question 55

Difference between small and large intestine

Answer 55

Large has Omental appendices - fatty outgrowths Teniae coli - 3 strips of smooth muscle Haustra- pouch like bulges

Question 56

8 parts of large intestinal tract

Answer 56

``` Appendix Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anal canal ```

Question 57

Names of 5 parts of large intestine

Answer 57

``` Caecum Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid ```

Question 58

How is the caecum attached to appendix

Answer 58

Mesoappendix

Question 59

State whether caecum is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

Answer 59

Intra Ileocolic artery Ileocolic vein drains into superior mesenteric vein

Question 60

State whether ascending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

Answer 60

Retro Ileocolic and right colic artery Ileocolic and right colic veins

Question 61

State whether the transverse colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

Answer 61

Intra Middle colic a Smv

Question 62

State whether descending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

Answer 62

Intra Left colic and superior sigmoid a branch of ima Imv

Question 63

State whether sigmoid is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage

Answer 63

Intra Sigmoid arteries Imv

Question 64

What level is ima

Answer 64

L3

Question 65

Marginal a

Answer 65

Anastomoses of intestinal a

Question 66

Where does lymph from caecum appendix ascending colon and transverse colon drain

Answer 66

Ileocolic nodes Right colic nodes Middle colic nodes

Question 67

Where does lymph from descending colon and sigmoid colon drain into

Answer 67

Left colic node | Inferior mesenteric lymph

Question 68

Parasympathetic innervation to large i

Answer 68

Vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 69

Sympathetic innervation to li

Answer 69

Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves

Question 70

Branches of coeliac trunk

Answer 70

Left gastric Splenic artery Common hepatic

Question 71

Smallest branch of coeliac trunk and what it anastomoses with

Answer 71

Left gastric artery | Anastomoses with - right gastric artery

Question 72

Branches of the common hepatic

Answer 72

Proper hepatic | Gastroduodenal

Question 73

What does it mean to be a retroperitoneal organ

Answer 73

Only covered in parietal peritoneum and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface

Question 74

What is a mesentery

Answer 74

A double layer of visceral peritoneum | Connects an intraperitoneal organ to the posterior abdom wall .

Question 75

What is the arcuate line

Answer 75

Semicircular line of Douglas | Curbed line posterior to rectus abdominis

Question 76

Superior to arcuate line what can you expect to find

Answer 76

External oblique Some of internal oblique Trans versus abdominus

Question 77

What can you expect to find inferior to the arcuate line

Answer 77

All fascia lies in front | Only peritoneum and transversalis fascia behind rectus abdominus here