gastro Anatomy 🪢 Flashcards
innervation and vasculature to foregut
coeliac trunk
greater splanchic nerves
blood and nerve supply to the midgut
SUPERIOR MESENTERIC ARTERY
lesser splanchnic
blood and nerve supply to the hindgut
inferior mesenteric artery
lesser splanchnic
5 parts of the stomach
cardia fundus body antrum and pylorus
what are the two sphincters in the stomach
cardiac / inferior oesophageal sphincter
pyloric sphincter
what veterbral level does the stomach lie in
t7 to l3
function of the pyloric sphincter and location
controls the exit of chyme from the stomach
Between pylorus and first part of duodenum
what is the cardiac orifice and what level
where the oesophagus turns into stomach
T10
What region does the stomach lie in
Epigastric and umbilical
Superior structures of stomach
Oesophagus and left dome of diaphragm
visceral and parietal peritoneum
parietal - peritoneum covers the organs inside the abdom cavity
viscera- covers the abdom wall
What does the greater omenta contain
Lymph nodes
Lesser omenta origin and function
Arises at the lesser curvature and ascends to attach to the liver
Attach the stomach and duodenum to the liver
How do the lesser and greater sacs communicate
Epiploic foramen.
vasculature to greater curvature and and what they arise from
right gastroepiploic/ omental arise from common hepatic
left gastric/ epiplolic arise from splenic artery.
vasculature to the lesser curvature
right gastric artery - arise from ccommon hepatic
left gastric artery -direct from coeliac trunk
what supplies the fundus
short gastric arteries
Innervation to the stomach
Parasympathetic vagus
Sympathetic greater splanchnic nerve
Lymphatics of the stomach
Gastric and gastro omental lymph nodes
where is the xiphisternum
most inferior part of the xiphoid process
what is the iliac crest
Illiums most superior border
what is addisons plane / transpyloric plane
plane located midway between the jugular notch and superior border of pubic symphysis, at approximately the level of L1 vertebral bod–
mcburneys point
from belly button to right hip bone
3 flat muscles of anterior abdom wall
external oblique
internal oblique
transversus abdominus
attachment function innervation of external oblique
Attachments: ribs 5-12, and inserts into the iliac crest and pubic tubercle.
Functions: Contralateral rotation of the torso.
Innervation: Thoracoabdominal nerves (T7-T11) and subcostal nerve (T12).
attachment function and innervation of internal oblique
originates from inguinal ligament
Bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen
thoracoabdominal nerve
attachment function and innervation of transversus abdominus
origin ; inguinal ligament
compression of abdominal contents
thoracoabdomial nerve
two vertical abdom muscles
rectus abdominus
pyramidalis
what is the rectus sheath formed by
aponeuroses of the three flat muscles and encloses the rectus abdominis and pyramidalis muscles
posterior and anterior wall of rectus sheath
anterior - ext obl and 1/2 internal
posterior- 1/2 int and transversus abdominus
Origin and function of greater splanchnic nerve
Medial branches of thoracic sympathetic ganglia 5-9
Sympathetic supply of the foregut and adrenal medulla
Origin and function of lesser splanchnic nerve
Medial branches of sympathetic ganglia 10-11
Sympathetic supply of midgut
Origin and function of least splanchnic nerve
Medial branches of sympathetic ganglion 11-12
Sympathetic supply of kidneys
3 parts of small intestine
Duodenum
Jejunum
Ileum
What is the ileocecal junction
At the ileum where small intestine becomes large intestine
What is retroperitoneal
Abdominal structures only partially covered by peritoneum
Superior and inferior surface of first part of duodenum ( superior. )
Hepatoduodenal ligamant superiorly
Greater omentum inferior
What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla
Where the main pancreatic duct combines with common bile duct
Posterior structures to inferior part of duodenum
Ivc
Aorta
Ima
Anterior structures of the inferior duodenum
Sma
Smv
What supplies the first two parts of duodenum
Superior pancreaticduodenal artery
Pathway from coeliac trunk to pancreaticduodenal a
Coeliac trunk Common hepatic artery Supraduodenal artery Gastroduodenal artery Pancreaticduodenal artery
Venous drainage of the duodenum
Coeliac lymph nodes starting from pancreaticduodenal lymph nodes
Innervation of the duodenum
Sympathetic
Greater t5-t9 and lesser t10-11splanchnic nerves
Parasympathetic - vagus
Where does the jejunum start
At the duodenal flexure
Arterial blood supply to the jejunum and ileum
SMA
Is jejunum and ileum intra or retroperitoneal
Retroperitoneal
What connects the jejunum to poster abdom wall
Small intestine mesentery
What parts of large intestine are intraperitoneal
Transverse and sigmoid colon
What nerve lies anterior to the abdom Oesophagus and which posterior
Left vagus anterior
Right vagus posterior
Folds of mucosa in the small intestine are called
Pilcae circulares
Characteristics of jejunum
Thick intestinal wall
Longer vasa recta
Less arterial arcades
Characteristics of ileum
Thin intestinal walls
Short vasa recta
More arterial arcades
Function of large intestine
Absorbs water from residual digested food
Form and stores faeces until defacation
Difference between small and large intestine
Large has
Omental appendices - fatty outgrowths
Teniae coli - 3 strips of smooth muscle
Haustra- pouch like bulges
8 parts of large intestinal tract
Appendix Caecum Ascending colon Transverse colon Descending Sigmoid Rectum Anal canal
Names of 5 parts of large intestine
Caecum Ascending Transverse Descending Sigmoid
How is the caecum attached to appendix
Mesoappendix
State whether caecum is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage
Intra
Ileocolic artery
Ileocolic vein drains into superior mesenteric vein
State whether ascending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage
Retro
Ileocolic and right colic artery
Ileocolic and right colic veins
State whether the transverse colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage
Intra
Middle colic a
Smv
State whether descending colon is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage
Intra
Left colic and superior sigmoid a branch of ima
Imv
State whether sigmoid is intra or retroperitoneal , vasculature , venous drainage
Intra
Sigmoid arteries
Imv
What level is ima
L3
Marginal a
Anastomoses of intestinal a
Where does lymph from caecum appendix ascending colon and transverse colon drain
Ileocolic nodes
Right colic nodes
Middle colic nodes
Where does lymph from descending colon and sigmoid colon drain into
Left colic node
Inferior mesenteric lymph
Parasympathetic innervation to large i
Vagus and pelvic splanchnic nerves
Sympathetic innervation to li
Thoracic and lumbar splanchnic nerves
Branches of coeliac trunk
Left gastric
Splenic artery
Common hepatic
Smallest branch of coeliac trunk and what it anastomoses with
Left gastric artery
Anastomoses with - right gastric artery
Branches of the common hepatic
Proper hepatic
Gastroduodenal
What does it mean to be a retroperitoneal organ
Only covered in parietal peritoneum and that peritoneum only covers their anterior surface
What is a mesentery
A double layer of visceral peritoneum
Connects an intraperitoneal organ to the posterior abdom wall .
What is the arcuate line
Semicircular line of Douglas
Curbed line posterior to rectus abdominis
Superior to arcuate line what can you expect to find
External oblique
Some of internal oblique
Trans versus abdominus
What can you expect to find inferior to the arcuate line
All fascia lies in front
Only peritoneum and transversalis fascia behind rectus abdominus here
