Pancreas, Liver, and Gallbladder Q6 Flashcards
What is the difference between exocrine and endocrine glands?
Exocrine secrete onto the surface via epithelial cells in diverse ways. Endocrine glands secrete into vasculature with exocytosis.
What are the three types of exocrine glands and what do the secrete?
Merocrine glands: Release via exocytosis, most common. IE salivary glands.
Halocrine glands: Secretory cels disintegrate to form secretion. IE sebaceous gland.
Apocrine glands: Secrete large membrane bound vesicles IE mammary glands.
What are the endocrine and exocrine glands of the pancreas and their function?
Endocrine are islets of langerhans, secrete protein and polypeptide hormones.
Exocrine are acinar cells and release digestive molecules into duodenum like zymogen.
What is the function of a-amylase, lipase, nuclease, and protease?
a-amylase hydrolyzes long-chain carbohydrates.
Lipase hydrolyzes lipids.
Nuclease hydrolyzes DNA and RNA.
Protease hydrolyzes proteins.
Which cells produce bicarbonate?
Controacinar cells.
What are the 4 endocrine cells of the pancreas and what do they secrete?
a cells- secrete glucagon
b cells- secrete insulin
d cells- Secrete somatostatin, inhibits GI and pancreatic endocrine and exocrine secretion.
PP cells- Secrete pancreatic polypeptide, inhibits exocrine secretion, GI motility, and gastric acid secretion.
What are the three major cell types of the liver and their function?
Hepatocyte: Polarized epithelial cells, metabolize carbs, proteins, and lipids. Produce bile. Detoxification.
Kupffer cell: Macrophage
Sinusoidal epithelial cells: No basement membrane, fenestrae.
What is the structure that allows for first pass metabolism?
The portal vein as it passes through the liver.
What are the three structures and function in the liver?
1- Classic hepatic lobule which is hexagonal prism and drains blood from portal vein to hepatic artery.
2- Portal lobule which bile drains from to bile ducts.
3- Hepatic acinus, microvasculature which is divided into zones. Zone I: periportal zone oxygen and nutrient rich. Zone II: Intermediate zone. Zone III: peripheral zone, oxygen poor. This is the area that gets damaged most readily.
What happens in phase I and phase II liver detoxifications?
Phase I converts things to more polar compounds and oxidizes them, phase II turns things into hydrophilic molecules making them soluble for transportation.
What is responsible for stimulating bile release?
CCK by contracting smooth muscle.
