Pancreas Function/Disorders Flashcards
which arteries supply the pancreas?
celiac and SMA
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/644/a_image_thumb.png?1659454516)
exocrine pancreas is ___% pancreatic mass
exocrine pancreas makes ______
85%
digestive enzymes, water, bicarb –> duodenum
pancreatic embryology
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/794/a_image_thumb.png?1659454516)
common variations in pancreatic duct anatomy
90%- Santorini and major duct connected
10% - fusion does no occur = pancreas divisium –> higher risk for pancreatitis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/801/a_image_thumb.png?1659454517)
regulation of pancreas secretion
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/858/a_image_thumb.png?1659454517)
what determines bicarb secretion from the pancreas?
duodenal pH >4.5 - sensed in s/secretin cells
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/886/a_image_thumb.png?1659454518)
how does the pancreas avoid digesting itself?
pancreatic enzymes are stored in pancreas and secreted into duodenum as PROENZYMES. Enterokinase at brush border in duodenum converts trypsinogen –> trypsin. Trypsin makes the other zymogens –> active enzymes.
amylase and lipase are stored in active forms b/c there is no starch or TG in the pancreas to be digested
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/104/925/a_image_thumb.png?1659454519)
5 protective mechanisms in the pancreas
- synthesis of enzymes as inactive zymogens
- trypsin inhibitor packaged in zymogen granules
- segregation of enzymes in membrane bound compartments
- enterokinase restricted to small intestine
- acidic pH w/in zymogen inactivates Trypsin
Labs in acute pancreatitis
WBC: often elevated
Amylase: leaks from inflamed pancreas. high sensitivity, low specificity
Lipase: sensitive as amylase, but more specific , and remainvs elevated
Atlanta criteria for Acute pancreatitis
two or more of the following:
- abdominal pain consistent w/ acute pancreatitis: sudden onset upper abdominal pain, often radiating to upper back. steady pain w/ “boring” quality.
- elevated amylase or lipase >3x normal
- confirmatory finding on CT
normal amylase, high lipase - interpretation?
delayed presentation of acute pancreatitis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/157/979/a_image_thumb.png?1659454565)
how do gallstones cause pancreatitis?
migrate to the cystic duct –> common duct –> can obstruct the ampulla of vater –> pancreatitis and/or cholangitis
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/159/258/a_image_thumb.png?1659454566)
which pancreatic hormone is most specific in dx pancreatitis?
lipase
lots of things can cause elevation of amylase
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/159/391/a_image_thumb.png?1659454566)
How do you assess the severity of pancreatitis?
Bedside eval
BISAP >2
- BUN>25, impaired mental status, SIRS, Age>60, pleural effusions
BUN >22
CRP >125 @48 hrs
SIRS persisting through 48 hours
what is SIRS?
presence of at least 2
- pulse >90 BPM
- RR >20 or PCO2<32mm Hg
- T> 100.4 or <96.8
- WBC> 12K or <4K
what are these and prognosis for each
![](https://s3.amazonaws.com/brainscape-prod/system/cm/136/160/352/q_image_thumb.png?1659515050)
left = interstitial
- very low mortality and infection (<1%)
right = necrotizing
- high infection rate (30-50%)
- mortality 10-30%