Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

ENRP Exam 2 > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

What is the structure of the pancreas in which active endocrine cells of the pancreas are located?

A

Islet of Langerhans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Which cells of the pancreas release insulin

A

B-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

which cell of the pancreas release glucagon

A

a-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 5 steps of the regulation of insulin release

A
  1. GLUT-2 takes glucose into B-cell
  2. Glucose metabolism generates ATP
  3. ATP inhibits the membrane K+ channel
  4. Depolarization results in Ca influx
  5. Ca influx releases insulin
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what cleavage product is left over from endogenous insulin?

A

C-peptide

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

If a type-1 diabetic comes in and you suspect insulin overdose, what marker can you NOT use

A

C-peptide, differentiate natural and pharmaceutical insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what are the effects of insulin on fat tissue

A

Increase glucose uptake and lipogenesis

Decrease lipolysis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is the effect of insulin on striated muscle

A

Increase glucose uptake, glycogen synthesis, and protein synthesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the effect of insulin on the liver

A

Increase Glycogen synthesis and Lipogenesis

Decrease gluconeogenesis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

how does insulin move glucose into cells

A

results in the ascension of GLUT-4 into the cell membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What degrades incretins?

A

DPP-4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What would occur if you blocked DPP-4

A

Persistence of active incretins which would increase the action of insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the leading cause of T1DM

A

Autoimmune antibody generation and lack of self tolerance by T-cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

HLA gene cluster on what chromosome is responsible for 50% of T1DM

A

6p21

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Someone has symptomatic T1DM, what percentage of islet cells would you suspect have been damaged

A

At least 90%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is the cause of T2DM

A

Insulin insensitivity at target organs which leads to B-cell hypertrophy then failure

17
Q

MODY (maturity-onset diabetes of the young) resembles which form of DM and what causes it

A

Resembled type 2 and is caused by mutation in glucokinase

18
Q

What is the classic triad of T1DM

A

Polyphagia
Polydipsia
Polyuria

19
Q

What is the triad of DKA and which form of DM does it predominate

A

predominated T1

Triad: Hyperglycemia, Ketonemia, Metabolic acidosis

20
Q

What type of respiratory issue can arise out of DKA, what is it called

A

Kussmaul respiration

21
Q

Describe Hyperglycemic Hyperosmotic Syndrome

A

acute hyperglycemic crisis in T2DM

NO KETONES

22
Q

Which of the following, DKA or HHS will have a normal bicarb and extremely elevated glucose

A

HHS

Glucose is >600 compared to DKA (>250)

23
Q

What is the target A1C of a diabetic

A

6.5-7

24
Q

What is the most common cause of death in diabetics

A

MI

25
Q

What is the screen for Diabetic Nephropathy

A

Albumin:creatinine ratio

26
Q

What are the three primary pathologic lesions of Diabetic nephropathy

A

Glomerular sclerosis
Renal Vascular Lesions
Pyelonephritis

27
Q

What does microalbuminuria mean?

A

there is 30-300 mg/g of NORMAL albumin in the urine

*she made a point to emphasize that micro and macroalbuminuria are about amount, not SIZE

28
Q

What are some ocular problems associated with uncontrolled DM

A

Hemorrhage
Blindness
Cataracts
Glaucoma

29
Q

What are features of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumor

A

solid-tan yellow

well-differentiated

30
Q

What can happen with an insulinoma

A

transient hypoglycemia
elevated C-peptide
Amyloid is common

31
Q

What is the gastrinoma triad

A

Islet cell tumor
Gastric Acid Hypersecretion
Peptic Ulceration

Ulcers are REFRACTORY

32
Q

What are common findings with Somatostatinoma

A

Diabetes, cholelithiasis, steatorrhea

Inhibitory effects

  • decreased insulin
  • reduced gallbladder motility
  • Reduced exocrine pancreas
33
Q

What are the findings of a glucagonoma

A

Mild diabetes

-Rash: Necrolytic Migratory erythema

34
Q

What are the 4 Ds of glucagonoma

A

Diabetes
Dermatitis
Depression
DVTs

35
Q

What can occur with a VIPoma

A

Vasoactive peptide tumor (D1 cells)

WDAH syndrome

  • Watery Diarrhea
  • Hypokalemia
  • Achlorhydria

ENRP Exam 2 (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions