Pancreas Flashcards
Which anatomical landmark is most reliable for locating the right pancreatic lobe in a medium-sized dog during ultrasonographic examination?
A. Pancreatic duct
B. Portal vein
C. Pancreaticoduodenal vein
D. Stomach
C. The pancreaticoduodenal vein parallels the descending duodenum
In dogs, which pancreatic ultrasonographic measurement correlates significantly with body weight but not with age?
A. Mean left lobe thickness
B. Pancreatic duct diameter
C. Mean right lobe thickness
D. Mean body thickness
B. Pancreatic duct diameter
According to Penninck et al. (2013), both pancreatic thickness and pancreatic duct diameter correlate with body weight but not significantly with age in dogs.
Contrary to previous reports, the pancreatic duct can be seen in normal
dogs, especially in the right lobe.
In cats, what is the maximum normal diameter of the common bile duct (CBD) as identified via ultrasonography, beyond which obstruction is suspected?
A. 2.5 mm
B. 3 mm
C. 4 mm
D. 5 mm
C. 4 mm
Which ultrasonographic finding is most characteristic of exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) in dogs?
A. Pancreas appears enlarged and hypoechoic
B. Hyperechoic and inhomogeneous pancreatic parenchyma with a dilated pancreatic duct
C. Presence of multiple hypoechoic nodules within the pancreas
D. Anechoic pseudocysts surrounding the pancreatic tissue
B.
EPI is characterized by a reduced size of the pancreatic parenchyma, hyperechoic and inhomogeneous tissue, and a dilated pancreatic duct, often accompanied by intestinal hypermotility and distension.
What is the most common location for pancreatic adenocarcinoma in small animals as identified by ultrasonography?
A. Left lobe near the spleen
B. Central portion of the gland
C. Body of the pancreas adjacent to the portal vein
D. Caudal portion near the pyloric antrum
B.
Pancreatic adenocarcinomas typically develop in the central portion of the gland and can compress adjacent structures such as the common bile duct and invade nearby organs
Which ultrasonographic characteristic is least likely to be associated with chronic pancreatitis in cats?
A. Homogeneous pancreas with hyperechoic foci
B. Diffuse pancreatic enlargement
C. Dilated pancreatic duct up to 2.5 mm
D. Anechoic areas representing pseudocysts
B.
Normal US appearance of the pancreas:
A. Heterogeneous and is isoechoic or slightly hypoechoic to the liver
B. Homogeneous and is isoechoic or slightly hypoechoic to the liver
C. Homogeneous and is isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic to the liver
A. Heterogeneous and is isoechoic or slightly hyperechoic to the liver
C.
Which is the thicker pancreatic portion in dogs?
A. Left lobe
B. Body
C. Right Lobe
D. Equal
C.
Dogs (Medium-sized, 15–30 kg):
Left Lobe Thickness: ~6.5 mm
Body Thickness: ~6.3 mm
Right Lobe Thickness: ~8.1 mm
Pancreatic Duct Diameter: ~0.6 mm
Cats:
Left Lobe Thickness: ~5.8 mm
Body Thickness: ~6.2 mm
Right Lobe Thickness: ~4.4 mm
Pancreatic Duct Diameter: ~1 mm
Which part of the pamcreas in usualy affectec in cats with acute pancreatitis?
A. Left lobe
B. Body
C. Right Lobe
D. Equal
A.
In dogs, the right limb of the pancreas tends to be most commonly
affected, whereas in cats, the changes tend to be more
severe in the body and left limb.
Pancreatitis in cats has been reported to be associated
with hepatic lipidosis, inflammatory bowel disease,
and cholangiohepatitis
Potential secondary effects of pancreatitis, which is not true?
A. Thickening of the gastric and duodenal wall is
usually not associated with complete loss of layering.
B. Gastric and pancreatic oedema
C. Transverse colon may be also affected
D. Renomegaly
Which DDx is likely representing these images of the pancreas? Which type of lesions may be develop in the pancreas after this disease?
- severe necrotizing hemorrhagic pancreatitis
irregular hypo- to anechoic area(s) represent necrosis
and hemorrhage of part of the pancreas and peripancreatic
tissue. The pancreatic margins usually become ill-defined. The adjacent mesentery is hyperechoic and hyperattenuating because of regional
inflammation and edema.
The pancreatic limb (P) is markedly enlarged, hypoechoic, and ill-defined, particularly in its distal extremity (arrows). Using power
Doppler (D) in this same region, there is no evidence of vascular flow motion, in comparison with the proximal portion of the
limb. The superficial fat shows increased vascularity
- The hypoechoic and anechoic areas corresponding to collections of hemorrhage and necrotic tissue may vary with chronicity, become more organized pseudocyst or abscess. Pseudocysts are fluid-filled lesions caused by pancreatitis, they are surrounded by a capsule of fibrous tissue. On occasions, large pseudocysts may cause extrahepatic
biliary obstruction
Which DDx is likely representing these images of the pancreas? Which diseases may be associated with this?
Pancreatic edema appears as numerous hypoechoic stripes demarcating pancreatic lobulation and dissecting the enlarged pancreas (Figure 9.8).
Pancreatic edema may be associated with pancreatitis (Figure 9.8A,B), although it can also be caused by hypoalbuminemia or portal hypertension
(Lamb 1999).
What is false about pancreatic cysts?
A. A severe necrotising haemorrhagic pancreatitis may develop pseudocysts or abscess.
B. Pancreatic abscess are more common in cats than dogs
C. Retention cysts are caused by pancreatic duct blockage
D Retention cysts, pseudocysts and congenital cysts cannot be differentiated ultrasonographically
B More common in dogs
Normal CBD range in dogs up to ___ mm and ____ cats.
3 mm and 4 mm.
CBD exceeding 4mm in diameter is suggestive of obstruction
