GIT

Question 1

Which of the following ultrasonographic findings is most characteristic of an intussusception in dogs or cats?

A. A single uniformly thickened wall with preserved five-layer architecture
B. A multilayered (concentric ring) appearance with invagination of mesenteric fat and vessels
C. Diffuse, homogeneous hyperechoic mucosal speckles throughout the GI tract
D. A focal, well-circumscribed anechoic mass attached to the serosa

Answer 1

B

Question 2

When evaluating a gastrointestinal foreign body by ultrasound, which finding is most suggestive of an obstructive nature?

A. Homogeneous wall layering throughout all segments
B. Bright echogenic interface with strong acoustic shadowing associated with adjacent fluid or gas accumulation proximal to the lesion
C. A linear, poorly echogenic structure without any associated shadowing
D. Focal hyperechoic mucosal speckles in multiple intestinal loops

Answer 2

B

Question 3

Which sonographic feature most strongly supports a diagnosis of gastrointestinal lymphoma in small animals?

A. Focal, well-defined mass with sharp margins and preserved wall layering
B. Transmural thickening with diffuse loss of normal layering, decreased echogenicity, and regional lymphadenopathy
C. A polypoid lesion with uniform echogenicity and minimal change in wall thickness
D. Multiple small anechoic cyst-like structures within a thickened submucosa

Answer 3

B

Question 4

In the context of inflammatory gastrointestinal disorders, which ultrasonographic change is most likely to be seen in lymphocytic-plasmacytic enteritis?

A. Marked focal thickening of the muscularis layer exclusively
B. Diffuse wall thickening with increased mucosal echogenicity and the presence of mucosal speckles
C. Well-circumscribed, anechoic fluid-filled cavities within the muscularis
D. A large exophytic mass arising from the subserosa

Answer 4

B

Question 5

When performing an ultrasound-guided biopsy of a GI lesion, which of the following is a paramount safety rule to avoid complications?

A. Target only the lesion without including any adjacent tissue
B. Keep the needle tip far away from the lumen to reduce the risk of leakage
C. Always use the largest gauge needle available for an adequate sample
D. Aim the needle directly through visible layers to sample all layers equally

Answer 5

B

Question 6

In inflammatory disorders, mucosal changes: Increased mucosal echogenicity with speckles, a hyperechoic mucosal interface, or even a parallel hyperechoic line (possibly _____) can be observed.

Answer 6

Fibrosis

Question 7

Neoplastic conditions:
- Gastric _____ often demonstrates “pseudolayering” (altered echogenic layers) and irregular thickening.
- Intestinal _____ might present as short segments with complete loss of layering and proximal obstruction.
- ______ Typically shows transmural thickening with loss of normal layering, decreased echogenicity, and associated regional lymphadenopathy.
- ________ tend to be large, heterogeneous, often exophytic masses that may distort the normal wall layers. Differentiation based solely on ultrasound may be challenging.

Answer 7

1. Carcinoma
2. Carcinoma
3. Lymphoma
4. Mesenchymal Tumors: Leiomyomas, leiomyosarcomas, and gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GISTs)

Question 8

What do you expect with intestinal ischemia/infartaction most likely?
a. Affected bowel segments may initially have preserved layering but later lose distinct layers with increasing wall thickening and hyperechoic surrounding fat
b. Gas dissecting through the bowel wall can be transient and may resolve with time.
c. intestinal duplication, sometimes associated with pancreatitis (if duodenal in
origin) or neoplasia.
d. hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

Answer 8

a

Question 9

Ultrasound is ____ in evaluating postoperative changes, including dehiscence, strictures, and seroma formation.

Answer 9

useful