Pancreas

Question 1

What does cholecystokinin (CCK) do

Answer 1

Stimulates pancreatic enzymes and gallbladder contraction

Question 2

What does secretin do?

Answer 2

Stimulates secretion of alkaline fluid

Question 3

Exocrine enzymes of pancreas (recognise)

Answer 3

Trypsin, chymotripsyn
Elastase
Lipase
Amylase

Question 4

Causes of pancreatic insufficiency (3)

Answer 4

Chronic pancreatitis/acute
Cystic fibrosis
Cancer

Question 5

Mortality of acute pancratitis?

Answer 5

5-10%

Question 6

Causes of acute pancreatitis?

Answer 6

Gallstones
ERCP
Alcohol
Virus
Drugs
Hypertriglyceridaemia >10mmol

Question 7

Causes of raised plasma amylase? (non specific)

Answer 7

Mild increase: Salivary gland mumps or stones
-CKD

Moderate: perf. ulcer, AAA rupture, DKA

Severe: Acute pancreatitis

Question 8

Glasgow scale, what causes worse pancreatitis prognosis?

Answer 8

Higher: age, WCC, glucose, LDH, urea

Lower: albumin, calcium, oxygen sats

Question 9

Tests for pancreatic insufficiency (2)

Answer 9

Faecal ELASTASE

Faecal chymotrypsin

Question 10

Tummour markers elevated with pancreatic cancer?

Answer 10

CA19 9 and CEA

Question 11

Which pancreatic cancer type has better prognosis?

Answer 11

NETs as they can produce insulin and glucagon

Question 12

How can haemachromatosis cause diabetes?

Answer 12

Iron deposits in pancreas can destroy islet cells