Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Liver > Pancreas > Flashcards

Pancreas Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the pancreas found in the body and except which part?

A

Completely retroperitoneal apart from tail

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the tail and what is it attached to?

A

Tail is attached to the spleen and is intraperitoneal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the exocrine pancreas secrete?

A

Digestive enzymes

HCO3-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What cells produce exocrine products of pancreas?

A

Acinar cells - digestive enzymes

Duct cells - bicarbonate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Where are these exocrine secretions secreted into ?

A

Secreted into ducts which converge into the pancreatic duct, which join the common bile duct just before entering duodenum at ampulla of vater

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Reflux of bile down the pancreatic duct results in…

A

Acute inflammation due to its detergent Properties

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is HCO3- secreted by?

A

Epithelial cells lining the ducts known as duct cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does HCO3- do?

A

Protect the duodenal mucosa from gastric acid

Buffer material entering duodenum to a suitable pH for enzyme action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What stimulates the secretion of HCO3-?

A

The release of secretin in response to presence of of acid in the duodenum stimulates HCO3- from pancreas and liver & potentiates action of CCK

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is secretin produced?

A

In the small intestine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How is HCO3- released from the pancreatic duct cells?

A

Into duct lumen via apical membrane HCO3-/Cl- exchanger
HCO3- out, Cl- in
Cl- leaves down conc gradient via CFTR channel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are digestive enzymes secreted by?

A

Acinar cells (Gland cells) at the pancreatic end of the duct system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

The enzymes secreted are either…

A

Active or precursors (secreted in inactive form (zymogens) similar to pepsinogen)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What stimulates the secretion of digestive enzymes?

What does this also potentiates?

A

Release of CCK (produced in small intestine) in response to presence of AA and FA in Small intestine stimulates dig enzymes and secretin (which stimulates bicarb from liver and pancreas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the 2 active enzymes that are released and what do they break down?

A

Alpha amylase
Starch to maltose

Lipase
Triglycerides to monoglyceride and fatty acid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What precursors are released?

A

Zymogens

17
Q

Why is zymogen released as a precursor?

A

Protects pancreatic cells from autodigestion

18
Q

What is zymogen activated by and where from?

A

Activated by enterokinase, embedded in the brush border of intestinal epithelium

19
Q

What are some examples of proteases zymogens?

A

Trypsinogen to trypsin

Chymotrypsinogen to chymotrypsin

20
Q

What are the 4 endocrine cells?

A

Alpha
Beta
Delta
Pp cells

21
Q

What do the cells release?

A

A = glucagon
B= insulin and amylin
D=somatostatin
Pp= pancreatic polypeptide

22
Q

Where are all these cells found?

A

Islets of langerhans

23
Q

Somatostatin from D cells are a powerful inhibitor of…

A

Pancreatic exocrine secretions

24
Q

What happens in type 1 and 2 diabetes?

A

Type 1 = pancreas fails to produce enough insulin

Type 2 = cells don’t respond to insulin properly

25
Q

Cephalic phase

How are pancreatic exocrine secretions stimulated and secreted?

A

Initiated by seeing/eating food

Parasympathetic vagus nerve stimulate Acinar cells to produce digestive enzymes

26
Q

Gastric phase

How are pancreatic exocrine secretions stimulated and secreted?

A

Initiated by presence of food in stomach

Parasympathetic vagus nerve stimulate Acinar cells to produce digestive enzymes

27
Q

What Happens at the end of the cephalic/gastric phases?

A

Pancreatic ducts are filled with inactive digestive zymogens ready for release into the intestinal lumen with bicarbonate via sphincter of oddi

28
Q

What happens when AA and FA are present in the duodenum?

A

CCK is released and gall bladder contracts including enzyme secretion

Liver (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions