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Micro sp2017 test 1 > Palmer > Flashcards

Palmer Flashcards

1
Q

S. pyogenes virulence factors (6)

A
  1. M protein
  2. Hyaluronic acid (HA) capsule
  3. Hyaluronidase
  4. Streptolysin S and O
  5. Erythrogenic toxins
  6. Streptokinase
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2
Q

Function of S. pyogenes M protein

A
  • Bind to keratinocytes

- Prevents opsonization by complement

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3
Q

M protein of s. pyogenes binds to … and inhibits alternative complement pathway

A

fibrinogen

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4
Q

M. protein of S. Pyogenes binds to…. and inhibits formation of opsonins by complement cascade

A

Complement control protein

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5
Q

Streptokinase binds…

A

plasminogen

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6
Q

Plasmin coated group A strep can degrade and spread through fibrin resulting in

A

invasive disease

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7
Q

The 6 different locations in the mouth that bacteria live

A
  1. fissures
  2. saliva
  3. supra gingival plaque
  4. loosely attached biofilm
  5. sub gingival plaque
  6. mucosal surfaces
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8
Q

Locations on bacteria in the mouth are determined by….

A
  1. binding sites
  2. oxygen level
  3. redox potential
  4. nutrients
  5. antagonism
  6. co-aggregation
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9
Q

oral cavity is dominated by

A

streptococci

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10
Q

… is found in every location in the mouth

A

s. mitis

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11
Q

… and… are ubiquitously found on the tooth surface

A

S. sanguinis and S. gordonnii

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12
Q

the …. group is the major species in plaque

A

Mitis (sanguinis, gordonni, oralis)

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13
Q

The…. group is the minor species in plaque

A

Mutans (mutans and sobrinus)

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14
Q

Fusobacterium nucleatum, porphymonas gingivalis, treponema denticola, and prevotella are all….

A

late colonizers

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15
Q

Streptococci (mitis, sanguinis, oxalis and gordonii), Veillonella and Actinomyces are all…

A

early pioneer colonizers

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16
Q

Fusobacterium is an…., congregates with many species, and removes…

A
  • anaerobe

- O2 (NADH oxidase/peroxidase)

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17
Q

Dental caries results from a perturbation in bacterial populations due to a disruption in the environment rather than a specific bacteria is the …. hypothesis

A

non-specific plaque hypothesis

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18
Q

The lag phase is the time when bacteria… and the genes

A
  • adapts to environment
  • are turned on to begin metabolism of nutrients
  • (beginning of graph)
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19
Q

The exponential phase is when the bacteria

A

grows logarithmically (middle of graph)

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20
Q

The stationary phase where growth stops/decreases because…

A

nutrients are exhausted or toxic by-product buildup

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21
Q

Chromosomal DNA is supercoiled in a…

A

nucleiod structure

22
Q

DNA gyrase function

A

introduces supercoils

23
Q

Topoisomerase I function

A

relaxes supercoils

24
Q

3 steps to chromosomal replication

A
  1. initiation- depends on growth rate
  2. elongation
  3. termination
25
Q

DNA replication is…. and…

A

bidirectional

semi-conservative

26
Q

Semi-conservative means that each daughter DNA contains…

A

half new and half old DNA

27
Q

The oral cavity is dominated by… the…. group

A

streptococci

mitis

28
Q

…. is found in every location in the mouth

A

S. mitis

29
Q

… and … are ubiquitously found on the tooth surface

A

S. sanguinis and S. gordonnii

30
Q

The 3 species in the Mitis group that are the major species in plaque are

A

sanguinis
gordonnii
oralis

31
Q

The mutans group (minor species in healthy plaque) are comprised of these 2 species

A

mutans

sobrinus

32
Q

… is the etiological agent of dental caries

A

streptococcus mutans

33
Q

Serotypes of S. mutans, c, e, f, and k are based on the …. on cell wall

A

ramose-glucose polysaccharide

34
Q

The 4 virulence factors of streptococcus mutans

A
  1. acidogenic
  2. acid tolerant
  3. glycosyltransferases (GTF)
  4. glucan binding proteins (Gbp)
35
Q

80% of isolates from oral cavity are serotype….

A

c

36
Q

The red complex (associated with periodontal disease) is made up of…

A
  1. Porphyromonas gingivitis
  2. Tannerella forsythia
  3. Treponema denticola
    (all anaerobes)
37
Q

P. gingivalis requires… to grow

A

iron

38
Q

P. gingivalis are gram…. rods

A

negative

39
Q

P. gingivalis is an obligate…

A

anaerobe

40
Q

P. gingivalis is… which means it produces NH3 increasing pH and ferments amino acids, not sugar

A

Asaccharolytic

41
Q

S. mutans is acidogenic which means it has the ability to…

A

metabolize dietary carbs and produce acid (lactic, acetic, formic)

42
Q

3 characteristics of acid tolerant response by S. mutans

A
  1. Up regulation of F1F0 ATPase
  2. Glycolytic enzymes are more acid tolerant
  3. modifies membrane (less permeable to protons)
43
Q

Glycosyltransferases (GTF) produce extracellular polysaccharide (EPS) from…

A

sucrose

44
Q

S. mutans has 3 GTF enzymes…

A

GtfB
GtfC
GtfD

45
Q

Periodontal disease is caused by …

A
  1. subgingival biofilm
  2. inflammatory response
  3. high GCF, raised pH
  4. anaerobic proteolytic biofilm
46
Q

Group B streptococci is the leading cause of … and…

A

neonatal sepsis and meningitis

47
Q

Enterococci cause mostly… but is…

A
  • nosocomial opportunistic infections

- worlds toughest pathogenic bacteria

48
Q

Enterococci is tough because it can grow in…. and is inhibited(not killed) by… and is resistance to…

A
  • high salt concentrations
  • penicillin
  • most antibiotics
49
Q

Antibiotic synergism is required for effective killing of Enterococci, usually … and an…

A

penicillin and an aminogylcoside

50
Q

…. is the most common cause of subacute bacterial endocarditis

A

Viridans (greening) streptococci

Micro sp2017 test 1 (5 decks)

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