Pallor and Jaundice

Question 1

anaemia

Answer 1

Question 2

Non-regenerative anaemia

Answer 2

Question 3

measuring anaemia

Answer 3

Question 4

General classification of anaemia in cattle

Answer 4

Question 5

Anomalies with anaemia

Answer 5

Question 6

In regenerative anaemia, differentiate between blood loss and haemolysis?

Answer 6

Low protein= bleeding

High protein = haemolysis

Question 7

Common haemorrhagic dx? Haemolytic dx? Deficiency dx? Non-regenerative dx?

Answer 7

Question 8

Clinical signs of anaemia

Answer 8

* Pallor MMs- reasonable changes in blood Hb are needed before detected

Muscular weakness

Depression

HR increased

Pulse has large amplitude

Haemic, systolic murmur may be detected

Picture’s point– subtle

Question 9

Important disease with acute blood loss

Answer 9

Question 10

Answer 10

Acute blood loss– milk vein laceration

Question 11

Acute blood loss abomasal ulcer

Answer 11

Question 12

Abomasal ulcer treatment

Answer 12

Question 13

Bracken Fern poisoning– what does it cause?

Answer 13

* Young stock e.g. recently weaned calves–> 2 yo

* Bone marrow toxin

* Suppressed all cell lines

* Results in

• Thrombocytopaenia
• Anaemia
• Leukopaenia

* Pancytopaenia causes

• Haemorrhage
• Increased susceptibility to infection

Question 14

Clinical signs of Bracken Fern Poisoning Acute Toxicity

Answer 14

Question 15

Treatment Bracken Fern Poisoning acute toxicity

Answer 15

Question 16

Chronic Bracken Fern Poisoning Enzootic Haematuria

Answer 16

In pigs and horses, acute bracken fern toxicity in adults results in thiamine deficiency and associated polioencephalomalacia

* In ruminants the thiaminase is broken down in the rumen

Question 17

Important diseases- haemolysis

Answer 17

Question 18

Answer 18

Question 19

Brassicae

Answer 19

Brassica Poisoning

Crops can cause

* Haemolytic anaemia

* Photosensitisation

* Carbohydrate overload

* Choke/bloat

* GIT upset

* Polioencephalomalacia

Question 20

Brassica poisoning anaemia most common with which plant?

Answer 20

Question 21

Brassica poisoning pathophysiology

Answer 21

Question 22

Brassica Poisoning Clinical Signs

Answer 22

Question 23

PCV > 13?

Answer 23

Monitor might be okay in cattle

Question 24

Brassica poisoning treament

Answer 24

Question 25

Brassica poisoning prevention

Answer 25

Question 26

Haemoparasites– tick diseases

Answer 26

Question 27

Protozoa

Answer 27

Question 28

Babesia bovis cause? Vector?

Answer 28

Question 29

Boophilus microplus lifecycle

Answer 29

Question 30

Babesia Clinical Signs

Answer 30

Question 31

Babesia diagnosis

Answer 31

Question 32

Tick Fever Management

Answer 32

Question 33

Treatment for Babesia?

Answer 33

Question 34

Anaplasma marginale spread by what vectors? General?

Answer 34

Question 35

Clinical signs of Anaplasma marginale? Tx/Prevention?

Answer 35

Question 36

Benign Theileriosis

Answer 36

Question 37

Clinical signs of Benign Theileriosis

Answer 37

Question 38

Benign Theileriosis diagnosis? Tx?

Answer 38

Question 39

Blood Transfusion Indications

Answer 39

Question 40

How much for a blood transfusion?

Answer 40

Rules of Thumb

* If PCV < 10% a transfusion is probably necessary for survival

* at 10-12% a transfusion will likely shorten recovery period

* One litre of blood raises PCV by about 0.75% in a 550 kg cow

* Therefore, 4-6 L needed to raise from life threatening 8% to 12%

* In general don’t need to cross match donors for the first transfusion in a cow’s life

Question 41

Blood transfusion equipment

Answer 41

Question 42

Prepping blood donor

Answer 42

* raise donor vein

* Cut down on jugular vein (alternatively insert wide bore catheter e.g. 6G)

* Stir blood and anticoagulant constantly

* Transfer blood to 5L bag

* Place wide bore (12G) catheter in recipient (superglue can be used to hold catheter and giving set in place!)

Question 43

Summary of anaemia in cattle

Answer 43

Question 44

Question 45

Answer 45

Question 46

Answer 46

Question 47

Answer 47

Question 48

Question 49

Answer 49

Question 50

Question 51

Summary next card for Benign Theileriosis

Answer 51