Pakiri C/S Flashcards

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1
Q

How much of Auckland’s sand from Pakiri coastline

A

1/2

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2
Q

What has meant that there is more sand needed in Auckland

A

It is needed for concrete for Auckland’s contruction boom of $9.5 million

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3
Q

Auckland importance, so needs sand

A

2.3 million visitors per year - sand for tourist beaches, 35% of NZ GDP

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4
Q

significance of sand mining in Pakiri

A

Largest single nearshore sand mining activity in the developed world

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5
Q

Sand extraction rates 1994-2004

A

165,000m3/yr between Pakiri and Mangawhai

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6
Q

What happened in 2005

A

Sand mining stopped at Mangahwai

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7
Q

Sand extraction rates now at Pakiri

A

75,000m3/yr

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8
Q

Source of sand - shows significance of extraction

A

Sand was mostly from offshore, deposited over last 9000 years

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9
Q

Ratio of inputs to outputs due to sand mining

A

1:5

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10
Q

Impacts on Mangawhai

A

Decreased sediment budget due to decreased inputs from LSD (S to N) and increased erosion caused the base of Mangawhai spit to be breached by 28m in 1978 during a storm - caused sedimentation of the harbour

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11
Q

Impacts on Te Arai Point

A

Increased erosion of beaches causes sand to slide off dunes to fill gaps on beaches

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12
Q

Impacts on Pakiri

A

Increased erosion is shrinking sediment budget, so is sand mining, large outputs of coastal system. Beach has become wider and flatter - less effective at absorbing waves, coastal retreat likely to reach 35m by 2100

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13
Q

Impact on Dune habitats since 1900

A

Dune habitats have decreased by 1/3

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