Pakiri C/S Flashcards
How much of Auckland’s sand from Pakiri coastline
1/2
What has meant that there is more sand needed in Auckland
It is needed for concrete for Auckland’s contruction boom of $9.5 million
Auckland importance, so needs sand
2.3 million visitors per year - sand for tourist beaches, 35% of NZ GDP
significance of sand mining in Pakiri
Largest single nearshore sand mining activity in the developed world
Sand extraction rates 1994-2004
165,000m3/yr between Pakiri and Mangawhai
What happened in 2005
Sand mining stopped at Mangahwai
Sand extraction rates now at Pakiri
75,000m3/yr
Source of sand - shows significance of extraction
Sand was mostly from offshore, deposited over last 9000 years
Ratio of inputs to outputs due to sand mining
1:5
Impacts on Mangawhai
Decreased sediment budget due to decreased inputs from LSD (S to N) and increased erosion caused the base of Mangawhai spit to be breached by 28m in 1978 during a storm - caused sedimentation of the harbour
Impacts on Te Arai Point
Increased erosion of beaches causes sand to slide off dunes to fill gaps on beaches
Impacts on Pakiri
Increased erosion is shrinking sediment budget, so is sand mining, large outputs of coastal system. Beach has become wider and flatter - less effective at absorbing waves, coastal retreat likely to reach 35m by 2100
Impact on Dune habitats since 1900
Dune habitats have decreased by 1/3