Pain Response

Question 1

Pain

Answer 1

• activates stress response
• immunosuppression
• increased arterial blood pressure and HR
• increased oxygen demands
• variable cardiac output
• fluctuating body temperature
• peripheral vascular resistance
• cardiac arrhythmias
• increase in catabolic hormones e.g. catecholamines, ACTH, ADH, cortisol, glucagon and aldosterone
• decrease in anabolic hormones e.g. insulin and testosterone
• increase in blood glucose, AMP, ketones, and blood lactate
• All of these reflect in increased metabolism and oxygen consumption

Question 2

Pain-induced anxiety

Answer 2

Cortically mediated increase in blood viscosity that promotes clotting, fibrinolysis, and platelet aggregation

Question 3

How does the respiratory system resound to pain?

Answer 3

• changing body posture
• muscle splinting
• increased RR / panting
• atelectasis secondary to decreased tidal vol.
• ineffective coughing -due to antitussive properties
• rentention of viscous secretions - increase in infection substrates

Question 4

Nervous system changes to pain

Answer 4

• body temperature fluctuation
• visual and pupillary diameter changes
• diaphoresis (sweating)
• muscle twitching
• shivering

Question 5

Gastrointestinal tract responds to pain

Answer 5

• Salivation production
• Vomiting
• Defecation