Induction Agents Flashcards

1
Q

Barbiturates (Thiopental)

A
  • thiopental, methohexital, pentobarbital and phenobarbital
  • ultrashort acting (10-15mins) IV
  • rapid, smooth and excitement free induction
  • excitment and hypertonus can occur if an inadequate dose is administered to an unsedated or poorly sedated animal.
  • Thiopental
  • dose dependent decrease in cerebral metabolic oxygen requirements, cerebral blood flow and intra-cranial pressure
  • good for head trauma, brain tumors, hydrocephalus and possible seizures
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2
Q

What are the precautions in barbituate use?

A
  • Can cause peripheral vasodilation which can lead to hypotension
  • Usually a compensatory increase in heart rate to offset vasodilation
  • Hypotension usually not an issue in normal healthy patients
  • Avoid drug in CHF, hypovolemic and pre-existing hypotension patients
  • Bigeminy (normal ECG followed by a VPC)
  • common at induction and no Tx needed
  • Must use IV
  • strong alkalinity can cause sloughing and necrosis if injected perivascular
  • infuse with 0.5-2mL of lidocaine
  • dilute drug with saline if perivascular
  • highly protein bound
  • hence will enhance effect if given concurrently with NSAIDs and benzodiazepines
  • hypoproteinemia will greatly prolong the duration and effect
  • Sight hounds or any skinny patient lack the body fat and muscle for redistribution of drug and hence prolonged effects seen
  • cummulative in the body, therefore don’t use CRI or repeated doses
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