Pain Physiology and Analgesics Flashcards
During stress, reactions to pain can be suppressed in favor of more adaptive behavior, this response is believed to be mediated by the release of what?
Beta-endorphins–“runner’s high”
Non-Opioid Analgestics
Acetaminophen and NSAID’s –These drugs are used for pain of the MS system not effective against deep visceral pain
Opioid/opiate Analgescis
Relieve moderate to severe pain, that is more or less constant in duration. (Commonly used after surgery, trauma, MI, chronic pain like cancer)
Less effective in treating sharp intermittent pain, although higher doses will relieve this pain.
Acetaminophen (Tylenol, Datril, Excerdin)
Effective against mild to moderate pain (analgesic) and in reducing fever (antipyretic) but is not an anti-inflammatory and doesn’t reduce platelet activity
Major Side effect of NSAIDs
GI irritation due to blocking of PG
Acute overdose of Acetaminophens (tylenol, datril, excerdin) leads to what?
Hepatic Toxicity
Acetaminophen’s are an analgesic and antipyretic….what are two things that they do not do?
They are not an anti-inflammatory or a reduce platelet activity
Non-narcotic Analgesic Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory=Aspirin…what 4 things does it do?
Analgesic, antipyretic, anti-inflammatory and has an antiplatelelt effect producing a blood thinning action (can be used for MI and TIA)
Non-aspririn NSAID’s are more potent in what effect than aspirin in normal dose?
More potent in their anti-inflammaotry effect.
Non-aspririn NSAID’s drug include:
Ibuprofen (motrin/advil/nuprin)
Indomethacin (Indocin)=more likely to cause HA and mental status changes
Naproxin
New NSAIDs are continuing to be devleoped to work on what receptor?
Want to effect COX-2 over COX-1 (bad GI stuff) Sidto reduce the magnitude of the side effects. (ex: Celebrex)
Side effects of NSAIDs
Heartburn, indigestion, N/V, diarrhea, constipation
Opioid/Opiate analgesic inhibit what?
Inhibit synaptic transmission in the key pain pathways of the SC and brain. Peripherally they decrease excitability of primary afferent neurons.
Which drug is classified as a controlled substance
Opiods/opitates due to potential for abuse and ability to produce physical dependence.
Endogenous Opioids are produced where?
They originate w/in organism, include enkephalin, dynophin and endorphin
