Pain Assessment and Management Flashcards
Multidimensional Scale that we use
SF-GCMPS
Assess the dogs…
vocalization, attention to the painful area, ambulation, reaction to palpation around the wound.
Advocate for _________ in your clinic.
Use a validated ________ scale
consistent evaluations
multidimensional scale
Assess patients ________ their treatments
Before and after
Assess patients often during first hours to
plan the efficacy and frequency of treatment
What are the 5 steps for conscious pain perception?
- Transduction
- Transmission
- Modulation
- Projection
- Perception
What kind of painful stimuli can be transduced into an electrical impulse?
mechanic, thermal, chemical
A alpha fibers
- Large, thick myelinated sheaths, rapid conduction (>30 m/s)
- muscle contraction
A beta fibers
- Large, thick myelinated sheaths, rapid conduction (>10 m/s)
- Normally pleasant to touch, can provoke pain over time
A gamma fibers
- Medium size, light myelination
- sharp pain
C fibers
- small, unmyelinated
- slow burning/throbbing pain
_____ and _____ receptors exist…
Inotropic and metabotropic(G protein)
The ___________ si the most important projection tract in carnivores.
spinocervicothalamic tract
Windup
plasticity of spinal cord, an exaggerated response (Allodynia and hyperalgesia are both examples)
allodynia
when a non-painful stimulus causes pain (A beta fibers causing pain)
hyperalgesia
a painful stimulus creating a more painful response than it should
Opioids function by
- modulating at the spinal cord, Transduction
- hyperpolarization of the cell.
alpha-2 agonists function by
inhibiting NT release and modulating
Local anesthetics function by
- Transmission step
- Na+ Channel blockers (don’t use in acidic environment)
NSAIDs function by
- Block Transduction
- Anti Inflam and anti - nociceptive
- COX inhibitors (stop arachadonic acid -> Prostaglandin)
Steroids function by
- anti-inflammatory (inhibit phospholipase A from producing Arachadonic acid)
Other therapies that we do not condone using alone.
tricyclic antidepressants
gabapentin
cannabinoids
NMDA antagonists
