Accidents and Emergencies Flashcards
What can cause apnea?
barbiturate or propofol induction
If the animal is not breathing what do you do?
- Check pulse first! If it is cardiac arrest will need CPR.
- Control ventilation at 2-3 breaths per minute until spontaneous breathing occurs, this allows CO2 to accumulate and supplies patient with oxygen
(Wait for propofol to disperse and decline while still delivering O2 and anesthetic to the patient)
Animal stops breathing when arterial P CO2 falls into the ____. Therefore a high even CO2 level is required for normal spontaneous respiration
30s mmHg
When do we use doxapram?
Don’t! mechanical/manual assistance is safer and more effective!
Signs of an airway obstruction?
dyspnea, stridor/snoring, jerky and sudden movement of reservoir bag, will take more pressure to squeeze reservoir bag
possible causes of an airway obstruction?
mass, laryngeal spasm, kinking of trach tube, overinflated cuff, blockage with mucus/blood/aspirated material
how can you prevent an airway obstruction?
use an armored tube if the procedure involves flexion of the neck
hypoventilation depends on?
tidal volume
Common cause of hypoventilation?
Isoflurane inhalant! Dose dependent
When do you ventilate the patient?
small animal v. horses?
SA: when arterial CO2 reaches 50 mmHg give a breath. If above 60 mmHg attach to ventilator.
Horse: 40-60mmHg is normal, start ventilating at 70mmHg, when over 80 mmHg needs a ventilator
Cardiac arrest most often occurs due to
sever hypotension
Hypotension is defined as
MAP <60-70 mmHg
Causes of hypotension under anesthesia?
drugs (inhalants, propofol, ace), hypovolemia, shock, deep plane of anesthesia, excessive manipulation of viscera
Pulse and hypotension?
Can have both, need to check MAP! But normally have weak peripheral pulses in hypotensive
tx for hypotension
- cystalloid fluids (10 ml/kg over 10 minutes)
- positive inotropes CRI if not responding to fluids (dopamine in small animals, dobutamine in horses)
