Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Pain Asessment and Treatment > Flashcards

Pain Asessment and Treatment Flashcards

1
Q

What are some painful dog behaviors?

A

Lamenss, “praying position”, head tilt, guarding, behavior change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is the praying position indicative of in dogs?

A

Abdominal pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are some painful cat behaviors?

A

Hiding, decreased appetite, decreased grooming, excessive grooming of effected area, reluctance to use box, squinting eyes, lowered ears, aggression, crouching

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some painful horse behaviors?

A

Lameness, standing at back of stall, decreased socializing, decreased appetite, low ears, angled eye, staring, dilated nostrils, tension of face, colic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are some painful ruminant behaviors?

A

Buxism, hypersalivation, abnormal expression, decreased appetite/rumination, decreased milk production, isolation, vocalization, grunting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are some biological markers for pain?

A

Cortisol, glucose, catecholamines, endorphins, enkephalins, lactic acid, FFAs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What are some signs of pain in an anesthetized animal?

A

Movement, trembling, increased HR/RR/BP

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

T/F: Peripheral and central sensitization are prevented by general anesthesia.

A

False, they are not prevented

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Is pain scoring subjective or objective?

A

Subjective- physiologic markers are inadequate and individual variation is high

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the pain scales used in small animal vet med?

A

Simple descriptive
Visual analog scale
Glasgow composite pan scale
Colorado state pain scales

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the simple descriptive pain scale?

A

Uses simple descriptors to classify pain (mild, moderate severe etc)

Very subjective

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the visual analog scale?

A

Commonly used in researched

Subjective sliding scale from no pain to sever pain- not graduated

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the glasgow composite pain scale used for?

A

Assessing post-op pain in dogs based on behavioral changes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the max scores in the glasgow scale if the patient is abulatory vs non-ambulatory?

A

Ambulatory- 24

Non-Ambulatory- 20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

When are analgesics recommended in the glasgow scale?

A

6/24 or 5/20

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What are the three criteria used in the colorado state pain scale?

A
  1. Physiological and behavioral
  2. Response to palpation
  3. Body tension
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Should an animal be evaluated while sleeping?

A

No

18
Q

What do the scores range from in the colorado state pain scale?

A

0-4

Reassessment of analgesic plan anywhere from score of 2-4

19
Q

Is the colorado state pain scale appropriate for both dogs and cats?

A

Yes

20
Q

Are there different scales for equine abdominal and orthropedic pain?

A

Yes

21
Q

What is the equine abdominal pain scale based on?

A

Behaviors and palpation

22
Q

What is the equine orthopedic scale based on?

A
  • Physiologic characteristics
  • Response to treatment
  • Behavior
23
Q

What is the treatment plan for painful animals?

A
  1. Analgesic drugs
  2. Bedding
  3. Bandaging/stabilization
  4. Cooling
  5. Acupuncture/laser
24
Q

What is the advantage of pre-emptive analgesic strategies?

A
  • Allows lower doses of systemic anesthetics and analgesics during procedures
  • Prevention of central sensitization
25
Q

What is multimodal analgesia and what is the advantage?

A
  • Usage of multiple analgesics with different MOAs synergistically
  • Lowers dosing of each individual drug to minimize side effects
26
Q

What are the common analgesics used in vet med?

A 
Local anesthetics
NSAIDs
Opioids
NMDA antagonists
Alpha-2 agonists
27
Q

What part of the pain pathway to local anesthetics work on?

A

Transduction or transmission depending on route of administration

Transduction= topicals
Transmission= epidurals or IVRA
28
Q

What is a disadvantage of using LAs as analgesics?

A

Short acting

29
Q

What part of the pain pathway do opioids work on?

A

Transduction, modulation, or perception depending on type

30
Q

What is a disadvantage to opioid use in animals?

A

Limited oral options (take home tricky)

31
Q

What is the only oral opioid in vet med?

A

Tramadol

32
Q

T/F: Bioavaliability is limited in oral dosing of tramadol in animals.

A

True- Use highest safe dose and do not use alone

33
Q

What patients are NSAIDs contraindicated in?

A

GI, renal or liver patients

34
Q

How do NMDA antagonists effect the pain pathway?

A

Block NMDA receptors so that glutamate cannot bind and facilitate transmission of pain (Modulation); also decreases central sensitization

35
Q

What are the two common NMDA antagonists used in vet med?

A

Ketamine and amantadine

36
Q

Which of the NMDA antagonists is used in conjunction with NSAIDs for chronic pain?

A

Amnantidine- oral administration

Typically used for OA or cancer patients

37
Q

Alpha-2 agonists provide the most potent analgesia in which species?

A

Horses

38
Q

Can alpha-2 agonists be used in equine epidurals?

A

Yes, commonly used

39
Q

What is gabapentin typically used for?

A

Analgesic adjunct in neuropathic and chronic pain (modulation)

40
Q

Do we know gabapentins MOA?

A

Not really

Anesthesiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions