Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Anesthesiology > Fluid Therapy > Flashcards

Fluid Therapy Flashcards

1
Q

What are the roles of water in the body?

A
  1. Solvent for reactions
  2. Transportation of substances
  3. Heat regulation
  4. Essential for organ function
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What percentage of body weight is made up of water in adults?

A

60%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What percentage of body weight is made up of water in neonates?

A

~80%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Is % water higher or lower for obese animals?

A

Lower

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What percentage of water is in ICF?

A

40%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What percentage of water is in ECF?

A

20%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What percentage of water is in IVF?

A

5%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What percentage of water is in ISF?

A

15%

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is the blood volume per kg for dogs, cats, equine, bovine, ovine, and porcine?

A 
Dogs 90mL/kg 
Cats 65mL/kg 
Equine 70mL/kg 
Bovine 60mL/kg
Ovine 60mL/kg 
Porcine 50mL/kg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Cell membranes are permeable for water.

A

True- impermeable to ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

T/F: Vascular walls are permeable for water and ions.

A

True- impermeable for large molecules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What ion is in the highest concentration in ICF?

A

Potassium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What ion is in the highest concentration in ECF?

A

Sodium

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What molecule is the highest concentration in IVF?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

The movement of water across semipermeable membranes is called?

A

Osmosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is osmolality?

A

Number of molecules per kg of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is the pressure required to prevent water movement called?

A

Osmotic pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the normal osmolality of ECF/ICF?

A

~300 mOsm/kg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What effect will an isotonic solution have on RBCs?

A

None

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What effect will an hypotonic solution have on RBCs?

A

Increased volume (swelling and hemolysis)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What effect will an hypertonic solution have on RBCs?

A

Decreased volume (shrinking and crenation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the name of the osmostic pressure exerted by proteins?

A

Oncotic or colloid osmotic presure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

T/F: Oncotic pressure pushes water out of the vascular space.

A

False- oncotic pressure pulls water into the vascular space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What molecule contributes the most to oncotic pressure?

A

Albumin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is normal physiological plasma oncotic pressure?

A

~23 mmHg

26
Q

When is edema formed in hypoalbuminemia?

A

When albumin is

27
Q

Is the degree of hypoalbuminemia a good prognostic factor in severely ill patients?

A

Yes

28
Q

What direction does hydrostatic pressure move fluid?

A

Out of the vascular space

29
Q

What direction does oncotic pressure move fluid?

A

Into the vascular space

30
Q

What are crystalloid solutions?

A

Crystalline solids dissolved in water

eg- NaCL, glucose, etc

31
Q

Can crystalloids be any tonicity?

A

Yes!

32
Q

T/F: Balanced electrolyte solutions have a composition similar to ECF.

A

True

eg- Normosol and LRS

33
Q

What are balanced electrolyte solutions used for?

A

Replacement therapy

34
Q

T/F: Balanced electrolyte solutions can be given quickly in large volumes and do not cause changes in electrolyte balance

A

True!

35
Q

T/F: Balanced electrolyte solutions can be given in large amounts to hypoalbuminemic patients.

A

False- dilutes what little is left

36
Q

What fraction of a balanced electrolyte solution will stay intravascularly after 30 min?

A

only 1/3

37
Q

What is an indication for a balanced electrolyte solution?

A
  1. Replacement after blood loss

2. Initial phase of shock treatment

38
Q

Should maintenance solutions be used peri-operatively?

A

Typically not appropriate

39
Q

What are the Na and K levels in a maintenance fluid compared to plasma levels

A

Na- 50%

K- 4-6x

40
Q

What is the daily volume demand when considering maintenance fluids?

A

40-60mL/kg

41
Q

What percent NaCl is hypertonic saline?

A

7.5%

42
Q

What are the indications for hypertonic saline?

A
  • Quick IV volume expansion
  • Severe shock
  • Head injury with elevated ICP
43
Q

What does hypertonic saline due to increase ICF volume?

A

Rapidly draw water out of the ECF

44
Q

What are contraindications for hypertonic saline?

A
  • Uncontrolled haemorrhage
  • Dehydration
  • Cardiac dysrhythmias
45
Q

What percentage dextrose is considered isotonic?

A

5%

46
Q

T/F: 5% dextrose becomes hypotonic once metabolized

A

True

47
Q

T/F: Colloids contain large molecules that stay inside blood vessels.

A

True- increase plasma oncotic pressure and vascular volume

48
Q

When should colloids be considered?

A

When albumin is

49
Q

What are some issues with colloids?

A
  • Volume overload
  • Allergic reaction
    Possible effect on hemostasis (bleeding tendency)
50
Q

What are the types of colloids?

A
  • Hydroxy-ethyl starch
  • Dextran
  • Gelatine
  • Albumin
  • Plasma
  • Whole blood
51
Q

What are the most common Hydroxy-ethyl starches?

A

Hetastarch and vetstarch

52
Q

T/F: HES can alter hemostasis at high doses or in already sick animals

A

True

53
Q

What type of fluid is associated with renal failure in septic patients in humans?

A

HES

54
Q

Should crystalloids be given over colloids in shock patients?

A

Yes

55
Q

What is the max dose for HES?

A

20mL/day/kg (half for cats)

56
Q

What route can crystalloids be administered?

A

IV, IO, SC, IP

57
Q

What are the three ways water is lost?

A

Physiological- renal, GIT, etc
Pathological- vomiting/diarrhea etc
Anesthesia- open cavities

58
Q

What are the reasons to give IV fluids during anesthesia?

A
  1. Maintain patent IV catheter
  2. Compensate for vasodilation
  3. Increase preload/CO
  4. Compensate for dehydration
  5. Replace ongoing fluid losses
59
Q

What is the standard fluid rate for anesthesia?

A

10 mL/kg/hr for crystalloids
5mL for young animals
1-2 for cardiac failure, anuria, or lung edema

2mL/kg/hr for colloids

60
Q

Should fluids be bolused in cases of hypotension?

A

Yes- 10mL/kg

Anesthesiology (27 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions