Pain

Question 1

Outline Pain According to Syllabus

Answer 1

Types and Theories of Pain

• ——-Acute and Chronic
• ——Specifcity Theory (Descartes)
• ——Gate Control Theory (Melzack)
• ——Psychogenic Pain (Melzack)

Measuring Pain

• —–McGill Pain Questionnaire)
• —–Visual Analogue Scales
• —–Behavioural Pain Scale (UAB)
• —–For Kids (Vani and Thompson)
• —–Wong Baker Scale

Managing and Controlling Pain

• —–Medical: surgical, biochemical
• —–Psycholgoical:
  a. Attention Diversion
  b. Acupunture
  c. Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation

Question 2

TENS

Answer 2

Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Stimulation

• has a machine + electrodes
• activates and causes electrical impulses which give a tingling sensation
• are supposed to activate endorphins

Question 3

Attention Diversion/CBT

Answer 3

CBT involves altering perceptions of pain “this will be horrifying” vs “this wont hurt that much”

Morley, Shapiro & Biggs made a training program for mindfulness and attention diversion
+taught imager & basic attention management
+ pain coping, signal breathing
+discussions on poain
1st time to 3 months = significantly less intensity
maintained at 6 months but to a lesser degree

Question 4

Medical Treatments

Answer 4

Surgery, usually for terminal illnesses
Massages & physical therapies light exercise etc

Aspirin: deals with pain, swelling, and fever. mihg tlead to gastric irritation, bleeding, deafness

paracetamol also anti-inflammatory

Opiates: morphine is the strongest painkiller, bt only for severe pain