Pain Flashcards
Pain
Pain is whatever the person with the pain says it is and that it exists whenever the person says it does
2 types of nocioceptive pain
visceral pain
somatic pain
Visceral pain
arises from organs of the body
Somatic pain
occurs with injury to skin, muscles, bones, joints
Referred pain
occurs in one are but hurts in another area
MI and jaw/arm pain
Radiating pain
pain that extends to another area of the body
GERD pain from stomach to esophagus
SOCRATES
S- Site O- Onset C- Characteristics R- Radiation A- Associations T- Time course E- Exacerbating/Relieving factors S- Severity
S/SX of pain
increased HR, RR, BP
facial grimacing
guarding
transduction
converts energy from stimuli into electrical charge
begins in periphery, sends message across nociceptor, initiates action potential
transmission
release of neurotransmitters
A and C
spinal cord to brain
perception
point at which the person is aware of the pain
modulation
inhibition of pain impulse by releasing inhibitory neurotransmitters (endorphins)
alternative/complementary pain tx
acupuncture acupressure herbal relaxation guided imagery distraction music yoga reiki hypnosis
WHO 3 step analgesic ladder
recommended for cancer pain
1st: nonopioid analgesic and/or adjuvants
2nd: weak opioids alone or in combo with nonopioid meds/adjuvants
3rd: Strong opioids
adjuvant
drugs originally produced to treat conditions other than pain but also have analgesic properties
