Diabetes Mellitus Flashcards
S/SX of DM I
fatigue weight loss sudden onset polyuria polydipsia polyphagia frequent infections
S/SX of DM II
fatigue recurrent infections obese hx of HTN polydipsia polyuria FBS >126
Metabolic syndrome
abdominal obesity
hyperglycemia fasting >100
HTN
hyperlipidemia
S/SX of hypoglycemia
T- tachycardia I- Irritability R- Restless E- Excessive hunger D- Diaphoresis cold, clammy
S/SX of hyperglycemia
hot and dry polyphagia polydipsia polyuria headache N/V blurred vision
diabetic diet
130 g/day of carbs 25-30 g/day of fiber 15%-20% of calories protein limit saturated fat to less than 7% cholesterol < 200/day
exercise
30 min/day 5days/week moderate aerobic exercise exercise 1hr pc check BG before exercise small carb snacks every 30 minutes carry fast acting carbs
Rapid insulin onset, peak, duration
Onset: 10 min
Peak: 1 hr
Duration: 3 hrs
“10 minutes felt like 1 hour during 3 rapid responses”
Short acting insulin onset, peak, duration
Onset: 30 min
Peak: 2 hrs
Duration: 8 hrs
“Short staffed nurses went from 30 patients to (2) 8 patients”
Intermediate insulin onset, peak, duration
Onset: 2 hrs
Peak: 8 hrs
Duration: 16 hrs
“Nurses play heroes to (2) eight 16yo”
Long acting insulin onset, peak, duration
Onset: 2 hrs
no peak
Duration: 24 hrs
types of rapid insulin
Humalog
Novolog
types of short insulin
regular insulin
Humulin R
Novolin R
types of intermediate insulin
NPH
Humulin N
Novolin N
types of long insulin
Lantus
levemir
gliburide and glipizide
increase insulin production
Metformin
glucophage
decreases glucose production
may cause lactic acidosis
don’t use within 48hrs of contrast test
pioglitazone (Actos)
rosiglitazone (Avandia)
best for insulin resistance
increase insulin sensitivity, transport, usage
sitagliptin (Januvia)
increases insulin release
decrease glucagon secretion
decrease glucose production
diagnostics for DM
A1C >6.5
FPG>126
2 hr glucose >200
random plasma glucose >200
