Infection Control, Standards of Care, Safety

Question 1

state in which physical, emotional, intellectual, and social development is diminished impaired

Answer 1

Illness

Question 2

establishment of a pathogen in a susceptible host

Answer 2

infection

Question 3

freedom from and prevention of disease-causing contamination

Answer 3

asepsis

Question 4

3 main defenses against infection

Answer 4

Normal Flora
Inflammatory process
Immune response

Question 5

substances that provokes an adaptive immune response

Answer 5

antigen

Question 6

Types of adaptive immunity

Answer 6

humoral and cellular

Question 7

defense system that uses WBC to produce B lymphocytes produced in response to antigens or pathogens

Answer 7

Humoral immunity

Question 8

T lymphocytes attack antigens; helper T cells stimulate antibody production by B cells

Answer 8

Cellular immunity

Question 9

Chain of infection

Answer 9

infectious agent, source, portal exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

Question 10

transmission of infection from touching of body surfaces with other bodies or objects

Answer 10

contact transmission

Question 11

transmission occurs when microorganism is dispersed by air, then inhaled or deposited

Answer 11

airborne transmission

Question 12

What type of transmission? Tb, measles, chickenpox

Answer 12

Airborne transmission

Question 13

transmission occurs when mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are exposed to secretions of infected person

Answer 13

Droplet transmission

Question 14

What type of transmission? Influenza

Answer 14

Droplet transmission

Question 15

transmission of infection by carrying pathogen from one host to another

Answer 15

vector

Question 16

What type of transmission? WNV, Rocky Mt Spotted Fever

Answer 16

vector

Question 17

Localized sx of infection

Answer 17

redness, swelling, tenderness, pain, warmth

Question 18

Systemic sx of infection

Answer 18

fever, increased HR, increased RR, enlarged lymph nodes, lethargic

Question 19

hand hygiene, barrier techniques, routine environmental cleaning
also known as “clean technique”

Answer 19

medical asepsis

Question 20

known as sterile technique

Answer 20

surgical asepsis

Question 21

methods of infection control

Answer 21

proper hand hygiene, don’t share personal items, soaps, cover mouth, immunizations,

Question 22

Who needs protective isolation?

Answer 22

immunocompromised

Question 23

risk factors for infection

Answer 23

age, nutritional status, trauma, chronic disease, smoking

Question 24

Normal WBC

Answer 24

5000-10000/mm3

Question 25

What does increased WBC mean?

Answer 25

acute infection

Question 26

What does decreased WBC mean?

Answer 26

certain viral infections or overwhelming infections

Question 27

Normal ESR

Answer 27

up to 15 mm/hr men | up to 20 mm/hr women

Question 28

What does an elevated ESR mean?

Answer 28

presence of inflammatory process

Question 29

Normal neutrophil percentage

Answer 29

55%--70%

Question 30

What does an elevated neutrophil level mean?

Answer 30

acute suppurative infection

Question 31

What does a decreased neutrophil level mean?

Answer 31

overwhelming bacterial infection

Question 32

Normal lymphocyte level

Answer 32

20%--40%

Question 33

What does an elevated lymphocyte level mean?

Answer 33

chronic bacterial and viral infections

Question 34

What does a decreased lymphocyte level mean?

Answer 34

sepsis

Question 35

Normal monocyte level

Answer 35

2%--8%

Question 36

What does an elevated monocyte level mean?

Answer 36

protozoan, rickettsial, and tuberculosis infection

Question 37

Normal eosinophil level

Answer 37

1%--4%

Question 38

What does an increased eosinophil level mean?

Answer 38

parasitic infection

Question 39

normal basophil level

Answer 39

0.5%--1.5%

Question 40

What is C. difficile?

Answer 40

spore-forming bacterium; causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea

Question 41

What is used for airborne precautions?

Answer 41

standard precautions, mask, N95 respirator, private room, negative pressure airflow

Question 42

What is used for droplet precautions?

Answer 42

mask and standard precautions

Question 43

What is used for contact precautions?

Answer 43

standard precautions, gloves, gown

Question 44

organization that provides information to promote health and healthy decisions and focus on disease prevention and control

Answer 44

CDC

Question 45

restraint

Answer 45

any manual method or physical or mechanical device that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arms, legs, body, or head freely.

Question 46

Uses for restraints

Answer 46

reduce risk of injury from fall prevent interruption of therapy prevent removal of life support reduce risk of injury to others by patient

Question 47

risk factors for falls

Answer 47

age, fall history, elimination patterns, medications, mobility, cognition

Question 48

RACE for fire

Answer 48

Rescue patients Activate alarm Contain fire Extinguish