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NUR 152 Final Exam > Infection Control, Standards of Care, Safety > Flashcards

Infection Control, Standards of Care, Safety Flashcards

1
Q

state in which physical, emotional, intellectual, and social development is diminished impaired

A

Illness

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2
Q

establishment of a pathogen in a susceptible host

A

infection

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3
Q

freedom from and prevention of disease-causing contamination

A

asepsis

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4
Q

3 main defenses against infection

A

Normal Flora
Inflammatory process
Immune response

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5
Q

substances that provokes an adaptive immune response

A

antigen

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6
Q

Types of adaptive immunity

A

humoral and cellular

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7
Q

defense system that uses WBC to produce B lymphocytes produced in response to antigens or pathogens

A

Humoral immunity

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8
Q

T lymphocytes attack antigens; helper T cells stimulate antibody production by B cells

A

Cellular immunity

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9
Q

Chain of infection

A

infectious agent, source, portal exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, susceptible host

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10
Q

transmission of infection from touching of body surfaces with other bodies or objects

A

contact transmission

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11
Q

transmission occurs when microorganism is dispersed by air, then inhaled or deposited

A

airborne transmission

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12
Q

What type of transmission? Tb, measles, chickenpox

A

Airborne transmission

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13
Q

transmission occurs when mucous membranes of the respiratory tract are exposed to secretions of infected person

A

Droplet transmission

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14
Q

What type of transmission? Influenza

A

Droplet transmission

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15
Q

transmission of infection by carrying pathogen from one host to another

A

vector

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16
Q

What type of transmission? WNV, Rocky Mt Spotted Fever

A

vector

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17
Q

Localized sx of infection

A

redness, swelling, tenderness, pain, warmth

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18
Q

Systemic sx of infection

A

fever, increased HR, increased RR, enlarged lymph nodes, lethargic

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19
Q

hand hygiene, barrier techniques, routine environmental cleaning
also known as “clean technique”

A

medical asepsis

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20
Q

known as sterile technique

A

surgical asepsis

21
Q

methods of infection control

A

proper hand hygiene, don’t share personal items, soaps, cover mouth, immunizations,

22
Q

Who needs protective isolation?

A

immunocompromised

23
Q

risk factors for infection

A

age, nutritional status, trauma, chronic disease, smoking

24
Q

Normal WBC

A

5000-10000/mm3

25
Q

What does increased WBC mean?

A

acute infection

26
Q

What does decreased WBC mean?

A

certain viral infections or overwhelming infections

27
Q

Normal ESR

A

up to 15 mm/hr men

up to 20 mm/hr women

28
Q

What does an elevated ESR mean?

A

presence of inflammatory process

29
Q

Normal neutrophil percentage

A

55%–70%

30
Q

What does an elevated neutrophil level mean?

A

acute suppurative infection

31
Q

What does a decreased neutrophil level mean?

A

overwhelming bacterial infection

32
Q

Normal lymphocyte level

A

20%–40%

33
Q

What does an elevated lymphocyte level mean?

A

chronic bacterial and viral infections

34
Q

What does a decreased lymphocyte level mean?

A

sepsis

35
Q

Normal monocyte level

A

2%–8%

36
Q

What does an elevated monocyte level mean?

A

protozoan, rickettsial, and tuberculosis infection

37
Q

Normal eosinophil level

A

1%–4%

38
Q

What does an increased eosinophil level mean?

A

parasitic infection

39
Q

normal basophil level

A

0.5%–1.5%

40
Q

What is C. difficile?

A

spore-forming bacterium; causes antibiotic-induced diarrhea

41
Q

What is used for airborne precautions?

A

standard precautions, mask, N95 respirator, private room, negative pressure airflow

42
Q

What is used for droplet precautions?

A

mask and standard precautions

43
Q

What is used for contact precautions?

A

standard precautions, gloves, gown

44
Q

organization that provides information to promote health and healthy decisions and focus on disease prevention and control

A

CDC

45
Q

restraint

A

any manual method or physical or mechanical device that immobilizes or reduces the ability of a patient to move arms, legs, body, or head freely.

46
Q

Uses for restraints

A

reduce risk of injury from fall
prevent interruption of therapy
prevent removal of life support
reduce risk of injury to others by patient

47
Q

risk factors for falls

A

age, fall history, elimination patterns, medications, mobility, cognition

48
Q

RACE for fire

A

Rescue patients
Activate alarm
Contain fire
Extinguish

NUR 152 Final Exam (18 decks)

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