pain Flashcards
1
Q
what factors can alter the experience of pain?
A
tiredness anxiety depression cold emotional changes divorces, bereavement etc.
2
Q
how can pain be measured?
A
McGill pain index
wong baker rating scale
3
Q
what conditions give rise to pain?
A
inflammation
trauma
necrosis
ischaemia
4
Q
what substances produce pain?
A
potassium
sodium
chloride
calcium
5
Q
what are the four phases of impulse conduction?
A
polarisation depolarisation action potential repolarisation resting
6
Q
what occurs at polarisation?
A
no pain
potassium in cytoplasm
sodium outside
7
Q
what occurs at depolarisation?
A
destruction of polarity
ionic exchange
sodium inside cytoplasm
potassium outside
8
Q
what occurs at action potential?
A
change in membrane permeability
allows transference of ions
potassium exchanges with sodium
9
Q
what happens at repolarisation?
A
achieved by sodium/potassium pump
reverts ions to polarised state
10
Q
what occurs at resting?
A
no pain, as with polarisation
